Influenza-related mortality in Spain, 1999-2005

Abstract

The GLM model, which takes viral activity into account, yields systematically lower estimates of excess mortality than the Serfling model. The GLM model provides independent estimates associated with the activity of different viruses and even with other factors, which is a significant advantage when trying to understand the impact of viral respiratory infections on mortality in the Spanish population.

Estimating the burden of seasonal influenza in Spain from surveillance of mild and severe influenza disease, 2010‐2016

“…In our study, influenza‐associated mortality increased with age, with the elderly having the highest hospitalization fatality rate, similarly to regression results describing the acute respiratory illness deaths attributable to influenza 15, 29. Consistently, we found the highest number of deaths in influenza hospitalized patients occurred in the elderly group in almost all seasons except the first post‐pandemic 2010‐2011 season.…”

“…It is accepted that influenza A(H3N2) can cause a relatively higher impact than other influenza viruses, mainly regarding the mortality within older age‐groups 29, 31. Interestingly, this was not reproduced in our study during the 2011‐2012 influenza season, dominated by A(H3N2) circulation.…”

Vigilancia de la pandemia de gripe (H1N1) 2009 en España

“…Sin embargo, los resultados de estas comparaciones deben interpretarse con mucha cautela. La mortalidad relacionada con gripe estacional se estima indirectamente mediante modelos que calculan el exceso de defunciones globales, o por algunos grupos de causas concretas, en periodos de circulación de virus gripales [25][26][27] , mientras que las defunciones atribuidas a gripe pandémica, notificadas a las autoridades sanitarias, son defunciones confirmadas por l a b o r a t o r i o d e i n f e c c i ó n p o r v i r u s (H1N1)2009, no son estimaciones. De todas formas, en relación con las temporadas anteriores de gripe estacional, sí se han observado variaciones en la mortalidad por edad que pueden anticipar su mayor relevancia.…”

Cause of death in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza

“…According to our results, 37% of the mortality in patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza would remain uncounted, and would only be identified by including all other causes of death in the analysis. Our study adds to others that support the need to consider all-cause mortality to estimate the total burden of influenza mortality 6,[11][12][13] . These results also suggest the importance of considering allcause deaths to quantify the total effect of the influenza vaccine on mortality.…”