Influenza-Related Hospitalizations and Poverty Levels — United States, 2010–2012

Hadler, James L.; Yousey‐Hindes, Kimberly; Pérez, Alejandro; Anderson, Evan J.; Bargsten, Marisa; Bohm, Susan; Hill, Mary; Hogan, Brenna; Laidler, Matt; Lindegren, Mary Lou; Lung, Krista; Mermel, Elizabeth; Miller, Lisa; Morin, Craig; Parker, Erin; Zansky, Shelley; Chaves, Sandra S.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6505a1

Cited by 64 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In our analyses of 33 515 influenza hospitalizations from 14 sites over a 5‐year period, we found that both individual and census tract‐based determinants were associated with hospitalization with laboratory‐confirmed influenza. The results were consistent with recent studies that demonstrated that living in a neighborhood with a high percentage of residents below the poverty line is a risk factor for influenza hospitalization . Specifically, in our study the odds of being hospitalized with influenza were 31% higher in census tracts with the highest level of poverty as compared to those tracts with the lowest level of poverty.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Social determinants of influenza hospitalization in the United States

Chandrasekhar

Sloan

Mitchel

et al. 2017

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundInfluenza hospitalizations result in substantial morbidity and mortality each year. Little is known about the association between influenza hospitalization and census tract‐based socioeconomic determinants beyond the effect of individual factors.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether census tract‐based determinants such as poverty and household crowding would contribute significantly to the risk of influenza hospitalization above and beyond individual‐level determinants.MethodsWe analyzed 33 515 laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐associated hospitalizations that occurred during the 2009‐2010 through 2013‐2014 influenza seasons using a population‐based surveillance system at 14 sites across the United States.ResultsUsing a multilevel regression model, we found that individual factors were associated with influenza hospitalization with the highest adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 9.20 (95% CI 8.72‐9.70) for those ≥65 vs 5‐17 years old. African Americans had an AOR of 1.67 (95% CI 1.60‐1.73) compared to Whites, and Hispanics had an AOR of 1.21 (95% CI 1.16‐1.26) compared to non‐Hispanics. Among census tract‐based determinants, those living in a tract with ≥20% vs <5% of persons living below poverty had an AOR of 1.31 (95% CI 1.16‐1.47), those living in a tract with ≥5% vs <5% of persons living in crowded conditions had an AOR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.11‐1.23), and those living in a tract with ≥40% vs <5% female heads of household had an AOR of 1.32 (95% CI 1.25‐1.40).ConclusionCensus tract‐based determinants account for 11% of the variability in influenza hospitalization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Social determinants of influenza hospitalization in the United States

Chandrasekhar

Sloan

Mitchel

et al. 2017

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…33 Lower income is associated with multiple pneumonia risk factors such as smoking, worse access to health care, and lower pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates. 25,34,37 There are likely additional effects of race/ethnicity and income; however, without population denominators of the distribution of race/ethnicity within each of the US income quartiles, we were unable to create rates to describe this relationship. Paradoxically, the proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations with in-hospital death increased with income quartile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Pneumonia-Associated Hospitalizations

Hayes¹,

Haberling

Kennedy

et al. 2018

Chest

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“…Each year, seasonal influenza results in approximately three to five million cases of severe illness and up to 500,000 deaths worldwide (2). Population-based surveillance data from 2010 to 2013 shows that influenza causes an estimated 4,900 to 27,000 deaths and 114,000 to 624,000 hospitalizations per year in the United States (3,4). Neuraminidase inhibitors are typically prescribed for patients with influenza virus infection; however, the greatest clinical benefit from these agents occurs within 48 h of onset of symptoms (5).…”

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confidence: 99%