“…Precision and recall are two separate perspectives of an accuracy measurement. Over‐ or under‐prediction of flows are inevitably reflected in either the precision or recall (Ali, Shamsuddin, & Ralescu, 2015; Japkowicz & Stephen, 2002; Ma, Zhong, Gao, & Bian, 2019). The F1 score is adopted to balance the two measurements in order to comprehensively reflect the prediction accuracy (Powers, 2011; Sasaki, 2007).…”