“…Con respecto a esto, la población general debe estar correctamente informada sobre las mí-nimas posibilidades de padecer efectos secundarios derivados de la vacunación. Además, es importante aclarar que los beneficios de esta medida preventiva son mayores (13,14) que cualquier riesgo posible debido a la administración de la vacuna (15,16).…”
Section: Movimientos Anti-vacunación Y La Vacuna Antigripalunclassified
“…In this regard, the general population must be correctly informed about minimal possibilities of face any side effects related to the vaccination. It is important, moreover, to make it clear that this preventive measure provides much greater benefits (13,14) than any possible riskdue to administration of this vaccine (15,16).…”
Section: Anti-vaccination Movements and Influenza Vaccinationmentioning
“…Con respecto a esto, la población general debe estar correctamente informada sobre las mí-nimas posibilidades de padecer efectos secundarios derivados de la vacunación. Además, es importante aclarar que los beneficios de esta medida preventiva son mayores (13,14) que cualquier riesgo posible debido a la administración de la vacuna (15,16).…”
Section: Movimientos Anti-vacunación Y La Vacuna Antigripalunclassified
“…In this regard, the general population must be correctly informed about minimal possibilities of face any side effects related to the vaccination. It is important, moreover, to make it clear that this preventive measure provides much greater benefits (13,14) than any possible riskdue to administration of this vaccine (15,16).…”
Section: Anti-vaccination Movements and Influenza Vaccinationmentioning
“…Notably, pregnant women accounted for 5% of the 2009 H1N1 influenza-related deaths in the US, although they only represented $1% of the population at risk [49]. Several studies showed that pandemic influenza vaccines (most of them being adjuvanted, in contrast to seasonal influenza vaccines) were effective at preventing influenza in pregnant women during the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic [2]. For instance, vaccination decreased the risk of influenza diagnosis by 70% among $117,000 pregnancies in Norway [63].…”
Section: Influenzamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pregnant women and new-borns are at increased risk of influenza complications including hospitalization, admission to intensive care units and death [2]. Cardiopulmonary changes occurring during pregnancy (e.g.…”
Section: Influenzamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pregnant women and new-borns are more vulnerable to some infections, associated with elevated morbidity and mortality, as illustrated during the 1918 and 2009-2010 influenza A (H1N1) pandemics [1,2]. In addition, although mortality has been greatly reduced in children aged <5 years over the last decade, only minimal reductions have been achieved in new-borns [3].…”
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with elevated risks to both mother and infant from infectious disease. Vaccination of pregnant women, also called maternal immunization, has the potential to protect pregnant women, foetuses and infants from several vaccinepreventable diseases. Maternal immunoglobulin G antibodies are actively transferred through the placenta to provide passive immunity to new-borns during the first months of life, until the time for infant vaccinations or until the period of greatest susceptibility has passed. Currently, inactivated influenza, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines are recommended during pregnancy in many countries, but other vaccines may also be administered to pregnant women when risk factors are present. Several new vaccines with a specific indication for use during pregnancy are under development (e.g. respiratory syncytial virus and group B streptococcus vaccines). Years of experience suggest that maternal immunization against influenza, tetanus or pertussis has an acceptable safety profile, is well tolerated, effective and confers significant benefits to pregnant women and their infants. This review describes the principles of maternal immunization and provides an update of the recent evidence regarding the use and timing of maternal immunization. Finally, the barriers preventing wider vaccination coverage and the current limitations in addressing these are also described (Supplementary Material).
KEY MESSAGESMaternal immunization gives pregnant women greater protection against infectious diseases; induces high levels of maternal antibodies that can be transferred to the foetus; and helps protect new-borns during their first months of life, until they are old enough to be vaccinated. Pregnant women and new-borns are more vulnerable to infectious diseases than the overall population; nevertheless, vaccination rates are often low in pregnant women. This review provides an update of the recent evidence regarding the use and timing of maternal immunization and describes the barriers preventing wider vaccination uptake and the current limitations in addressing these.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Each year in the USA, the seasonal influenza virus contributes to a rise in economic cost, hospitalization rates, and influenza-associated deaths. [1][2][3][4][5] The influenza vaccine was highly effective in preventing influenza illnesses. From 2018 to 2019, the influenza vaccine helped prevent 3500 influenza-associated deaths and over 50 000 hospitalizations. 6 Despite the effectiveness and safety of the influenza vaccine, the average vaccination rate among the US adult population is less than 50%, 6,7 which is below the Healthy People 2020s target rate of 80% to ensure herd immunity within a population against the influenza virus. 7 Pregnant women and infants are at a greater risk of suffering from complications, severe illness, and hospitalizations associated with the influenza virus. [8][9][10][11][12] One study found an increased rate of hospitalizations related to respiratory illness among pregnant
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