Influenza immunization and COVID-19

Maltezou, Helena C.; Theodoridou, Kalliopi; Poland, Gregory A.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.058

Cited by 84 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Because of the coming winter, it will be a great challenge for the global healthcare systems because the epidemic of influenza season is on the way. Due to the lack of a COVID-19 vaccine, the immunization for influenza might be helpful to prevent the epidemic wave of seasonal influenza and the co-circulation of both influenza and COVID-19 ( 69 ). A study from Zanettini et al shows the influenza vaccination is helpful to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 in the elderly population ( 70 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Increases the Severity and Mortality of Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhao

Gang

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Since December 2019, COVID-19 has aroused global attention. Studies show the link between obesity and severe outcome of influenza and COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to compare the impacts of obesity on the severity and mortality of influenza and COVID-19 by performing a meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science from January 2009 to July 2020. The protocol was registered onto PROSPERO (CRD42020201461). After selection, 46 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed. We found obesity was a risk factor for the severity and mortality of influenza (ORsevere outcome = 1.56, CI: 1.28-1.90; ORmortality = 1.99, CI: 1.15-3.46). For COVID-19, obesity was a significant risk factor only for severe outcome (OR = 2.07, CI: 1.53-2.81) but not for mortality (OR = 1.57, CI: 0.85-2.90). Compared with obesity, morbid obesity was linked with a higher risk for the severity and mortality of both influenza (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.10-1.79) and COVID-19 (OR = 3.76, CI: 2.67-5.28). Thus, obesity should be recommended as a risk factor for the prognosis assessment of COVID-19. Special monitoring and earlier treatment should be implemented in patients with obesity and COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Increases the Severity and Mortality of Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhao

Gang

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Individuals with influenza and COVID‐19 can present with similar symptoms 35 . Influenza is typical also with the inflammasome in mediating the inflammatory response after infection 36–39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Individuals with influenza and COVID-19 can present with similar symptoms. 35 Influenza is typical also with the inflammasome in mediating the inflammatory response after infection. [36][37][38][39] From an epidemiological perspective, the morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are much higher than in the pandemic influenza, strongly skewed toward people older than 70 years, and age (<60 years) is the risk factor for severe illness in 1918 and 2009 influenza pandemics, which dissimilar to the SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral blood inflammatory markers in predicting prognosis in patients with COVID‐19. Some differences with influenza A

Zhao

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background To evaluate the ability of peripheral blood inflammatory markers in predicating the typing of COVID‐19, prognosis, and some differences between COVID‐19 and influenza A patients. Methods Clinical data on 285 cases laboratory‐confirmed as SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were obtained from a Wuhan local hospital's electronic medical records according to previously designed standardized data collection forms. Additional 446 Influenza A outpatients’ hematologic data were enrolled for comparison. Results NLR, SII, RLR, PLR, HsCRP, and IL‐6 were significant higher and LMR was lower in severe COVID‐19 patients than in mild COVID‐19 patients ( p < .001). PLR and LMR were lower in the individuals with influenza A than those with COVID‐19 ( p < .01). COVID‐19 patients with higher levels of NLR, SII, RLR, PLR, HsCRP, and IL‐6 and lower LMR were significantly associated with the severe type. AUC of NLR (0.76) was larger while the specificity of IL‐6 (86%) and sensitivity of HsCRP (89%) were higher than other inflammatory markers in predicating the typing of COVID‐19. PT had obvious correlation with all the inflammatory markers except RPR. NLR showed positive correlations with AST, TP, BUN, CREA, PT, and D‐dimer. Patients with high IL‐6 levels have a relatively worse prognosis (HR = 2.30). Conclusion Peripheral blood inflammatory markers reflected the intensity of inflammation and associated with severity of COVID‐19.NLR was more useful to predict severity as well as IL‐6 to predict prognosis of COVID‐19. PLR and LMR were initially found to be higher in SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐infected group than in influenza A.

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“…Prior to this, increased personal hygiene, use of protective equipment, and social distancing measures were the major public health strategies in controlling and mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic [ 13 ]. Since then, comparisons have been made to compare the effect and impact of COVID-19 to influenza pandemics of history, in which the development and utilization of influenza vaccines have decreased associated morbidity and mortality [ 14 ]. As noted in previous wide-scale vaccination attempts throughout history, shared decision making, and intensive education/outreach efforts are needed by physicians and patients alike to overcome vaccine hesitancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%