Influenza (H5N1) Viruses in Poultry, Russian Federation, 2005–2006

Lipatov, A. S.; Evseenko, V. A.; Yen, Hui‐Ling; Zaykovskaya, А. V.; Durimanov, A. G.; Zolotykh, S. I.; Netesov, Sergey V.; Drozdov, I. G.; Onishchenko, Gennadiy G.; Webster, Robert G.; Шестопалов, А. М.

doi:10.3201/eid1304.061266

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is also little evidence of reassortment occurring in other regions affected by H5N1, with all genotypes detected beyond China having been previously detected there years in advance (de Benedictis et al, 2007; Bragstad et al, 2007; Li et al, 2004; Lipatov et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2008). It therefore appears that the ecology of poultry systems in southern China, which contain a diverse assemblage of aquatic and terrestrial birds that harbor co-circulating endemic populations of H9N2 and H6N1 viruses (Duan et al, 2008; Vijaykrishna et al, 2008), is unique in generating H5N1 reassortant viruses.…”

Section: Genomic Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The H5N1 outbreak in geese and gulls at Qinghai Lake, China in 2005 was the first evidence of large-scale death from H5N1 virus in migratory birds (Chen et al, 2005). Closely related Clade 2.2 viruses were subsequently transmitted to Mongolia, Siberia, Central Asia, East and Western European countries, and Africa (de Benedictis et al, 2007; Bragstad et al, 2007; Chen et al, 2005; Coven, 2006; Gall-Recule et al, 2008; Lipatov et al, 2007; Onishchenko et al, 2006). Virological and serological studies have shown that migratory birds can be naturally infected by HPAI H5N1 viruses and that infected birds could survive and shed the virus during migration (Brown et al, 2006; Goletic et al, 2010; Keawcharoen et al, 2008; Marjuki et al, 2009; Saad et al, 2007).…”

Section: Virus Transmission and Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emergence and diversification of panzootic H5N1 influenza viruses

Guan

Smith

2013

Virus Research

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The Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was first detected in the goose population of Guangdong, China in 1996. The viruses in this lineage are unique in their ecological success, demonstrating an extremely broad host range and becoming established in poultry over much of Asia and in Africa. H5N1 viruses have also diverged into multiple clades and subclades that generally do not cross neutralize, which has greatly confounded control measures in poultry and pre-pandemic vaccine strain selection. Although H5N1 viruses currently cannot transmit efficiently between mammals they exhibit high mortality in humans and recent experimental studies have shown that it is possible to generate an H5N1 virus that is transmissible in mammals. In addition to causing unprecedented economic losses, the long-term presence of the H5N1 virus in poultry and its frequent introductions to humans continue to pose a significant pandemic threat. Here we provide a summary of the genesis, molecular epidemiology and evolution of this H5N1 lineage, particularly the factors that have contributed to the continued diversification and ecological success of H5N1 viruses, with particular reference to the poultry production systems they have emerged from.

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Section: Genomic Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Transmission and Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence and diversification of panzootic H5N1 influenza viruses

Guan

Smith

2013

Virus Research

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“…This hypothesis was quickly adopted by various organizations such as the World Health Organization (2005). Some studies supported this hypothesis, declaring finding H5N1 virus in the excretion of sampled wild birds (Chen et al 2005(Chen et al , 2006aLiu et al 2005;Lipatov et al 2007). However, the methodology used in these studies has been questioned on several occasions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1

Bourouiba

Newman

et al. 2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Virulent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2005 have raised the question about the roles of migratory and wild birds in the transmission of HPAI. Despite increased monitoring, the role of wild waterfowl as the primary source of the highly pathogenic H5N1 has not been clearly established. The impact of outbreaks of HPAI among species of wild birds which are already endangered can nevertheless have devastating consequences for the local and non-local ecology where migratory species are established. Understanding the entangled dynamics of migration and the disease dynamics will be key to prevention and control measures for humans, migratory birds and poultry. Here, we present a spatial dynamic model of seasonal migration derived from first principles and linking the local dynamics during migratory stopovers to the larger scale migratory routes. We discuss the effect of repeated epizootic at specific migratory stopovers for bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). We find that repeated deadly outbreaks of H5N1 on stopovers during the autumn migration of bar-headed geese could lead to a larger reduction in the size of the equilibrium bird population compared with that obtained after repeated outbreaks during the spring migration. However, the opposite is true during the first few years of transition to such an equilibrium. The age-maturation process of juvenile birds which are more susceptible to H5N1 reinforces this result.

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“…Recent extensive surveillance studies suggested that wild migratory birds, showing ability to perpetuate LPAIVs in nature, are not competent as indefinite reservoirs of HPAIVs, carried by these infected hosts over small or moderate distances [17]. However, molecular evidences indicated that the HP H5N1 virus outbreaks occurred, in 2005 and 2006, in this Western Siberia area could have emerged from wild migratory birds [12]. In this context it is also notable that the HP H5N1 virus was isolated, in February 2012, from wild birds in India and Nepal [18], countries connected to the Novosibirsk Region by the Central Asian Flyway (Figure 1) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Virological Evaluation of Avian Influenza Virus Persistence in Natural and Anthropic Ecosystems of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk Region, Summer 2012)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundWild aquatic birds, reservoir of low-pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs), congregate in huge numbers in Western Siberia wetlands, where major intra- and inter-continental bird flyways overlap. In 2005 and 2006, highly pathogenic (HP) AIV H5N1 epizootics affected wild and domestic birds in the Novosibirsk Region. In 2012, we evaluated AIV persistence in Siberian natural and anthropic ecosystems.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn Novosibirsk Region, 166 wild birds ecologically linked to aquatic environments and 152 domestic waterfowl were examined for AIV isolation in embryonating chicken eggs. Biological samples were obtained by integrating the conventional cloacal swab collection with the harvesting of samples from birds' plumage. Haemagglutinating allantoic fluids were further characterized by serological and molecular methods. In August-September 2012, 17 AIVs, including three H3N8, eight H4N6, two H4N?, one H2N?, one H?N2, and two unsubtyped LPAIVs, were isolated from 15 wild ducks. Whereas comparable proportions of wild Anseriformes (n.118) tested virus isolation (VI)-positive from cloaca and feathers (5.9% vs 8.5%) were detected, the overall prevalence of virus isolation, obtained from both sampling methods, was 2.4 times higher than that calculated on results from cloacal swab examination only (14.4% vs 5.9%). Unlike previously described in this area, the H4N6 antigenic subtype was found to be the prevalent one in 2012. Both cloacal and feather samples collected from domestic waterfowl tested VI-negative.Conclusion/SignificanceWe found lack of evidence for the H5N1 HPAIV circulation, explainable by the poor environmental fitness of HPAIVs in natural ecosystems. Our LPAIV isolation data emphasise the importance of Siberia wetlands in influenza A virus ecology, providing evidence of changes in circulation dynamics of HN antigenic subtypes harboured in wild bird reservoirs. Further studies of isolates, based on bioinformatic approaches to virus molecular evolution and phylogenesis, will be needed to better elucidate mechanisms involved in AIV perpetuation in this area.

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Influenza (H5N1) Viruses in Poultry, Russian Federation, 2005–2006

Abstract: Migrating waterfowl may be the primary source of influenza (H5N1) in western Siberia and the European part of the Russian Federation.

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

The emergence and diversification of panzootic H5N1 influenza viruses

The emergence and diversification of panzootic H5N1 influenza viruses

Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1

Virological Evaluation of Avian Influenza Virus Persistence in Natural and Anthropic Ecosystems of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk Region, Summer 2012)

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