Influenza and Malaria Coinfection Among Young Children in Western Kenya, 2009–2011

Thompson, Mark G.; Breiman, Robert F.; Hamel, Mary J.; Desai, Meghna; Emukule, Gideon O.; Khagayi, Sammy; Shay, David K.; Morales, Kathleen F.; Kariuki, Simon; Bigogo, Godfrey; Njenga, M. Kariuki; Burton, Deron C.; Odhiambo, Frank; Feikin, Daniel R.; Laserson, Kayla F.; Katz, Mark A.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jis591

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A retrospective, cross-sectional study in western rural Kenya has addressed this issue. The study found that 45% (149/331) of influenza-positive patients were coinfected with malaria, whereas only 6% (149/2408) of malaria-positive patients were coinfected with influenza [36]. Coinfection with malaria and influenza was uncommon but associated with longer hospitalization than single infections among children 24-59 months of age [36].…”

Section: Co-morbidity: Influenza-hiv Influenza-chronic Lung Diseasementioning

confidence: 91%

Influenza-Associated Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Diop

Montomoli

Sanicas

et al. 2016

IJVV

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Section: Co-morbidity: Influenza-hiv Influenza-chronic Lung Diseasementioning

confidence: 91%

Influenza-Associated Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Diop

Montomoli

Sanicas

et al. 2016

IJVV

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“…Co-infection with malaria and influenza in young African children is associated with longer hospitalization than single infections in the same population, 73 while more complications are seen in co-infections with P. vivax and dengue virus in French Guyana than in single-pathogen infections. 74 However, most studies suggesting an adverse effect of viral infection on malaria-related outcomes refer to co-infections with P. falciparum and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Co-infections With Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite virulence, co-infections and cytokine balance in malaria

Gonçalves

Lima

Ferreira

2014

Pathogens and Global Health

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Strong early inflammatory responses followed by a timely production of regulatory cytokines are required to control malaria parasite multiplication without inducing major host pathology. Here, we briefly examine the homeostasis of inflammatory responses to malaria parasite species with varying virulence levels and discuss how co-infections with bacteria, viruses, and helminths can modulate inflammation, either aggravating or alleviating malaria-related morbidity.

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“…None of the studies investigated the aetiologies of fever in children under 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa by screening all relevant foci of infection, thus BSI, UTI, RTI and GII together. Patients included in the studies who were selected for our review were outpatients [23][24][25][26], inpatients [20,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] or the both [18,[34][35][36][37][38]. The mortality rate in the studies that provided this specific information ranged from 1.4 to 22.5% and specifically concerned the inpatient studies [18,20,28,29,33,34].…”

Section: Aetiologies Of Fever In Children Under 5 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria isolated from UTI were predominately E. coli (six of six) and Klebsiella ssp (six of six), with positive rates of 20.0-72.3% and 10.0-28.5%, followed by Staphylococcus, Proteus and Pseudomonas ( Table 2). Samples were analysed in district hospitals [18,27,28,30,[35][36][37], reference hospitals [32,38], teaching hospitals [20,23,29,35] or reference laboratories [24,26,34].…”

Section: Aetiologies Of Fever In Children Under 5 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiologies of non‐malaria febrile episodes in children under 5 years in sub‐Saharan Africa

Kiemdé

Spijker

Mens

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjectives To provide an overview of the most frequent aetiologies found in febrile episodes of children under 5 years from sub-Saharan Africa.methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for publications in English and French on nonmalaria fever episodes in African children under 5 years of age, which were published between January 1990 and July 2015. Case reports and conference abstracts were excluded.results In total, 3851 titles and abstracts were reviewed, and 153 were selected for full screening of which 18 were included in the present review. Bloodstream infection (BSI) was most commonly investigated (nine of 18) followed by urinary tract infection (UTI) (four of 18) and respiratory tract infection (RTI) (two of 18). Few studies investigated BSI and UTI in the same children (two of 18), or BSI and gastrointestinal infection (GII) (one of 18). As for BSI, the most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli (four of 12), Streptococcus pneumonia (four of 12), Salmonella spp (three of 12) and Staphylococcus aureus (two of 12) with a positive identification rate of 19.7-33.3%, 5.2-27.6%, 11.7-65.4% and 23.5-42.0%, respectively. As for UTI, the main bacteria isolated were E. coli (six of six) and Klebsiella spp (six of six) with a positive rate of 20.0-72.3% and 10.0-28.5%, respectively. No bacterium was isolated in RTI group, but Human influenzae A and B were frequently found, with the highest positive identification rate in Tanzania (75.3%). Dengue virus (two of 12) was the most frequently reported viral infection with a positive identification rate of 16.7-30.8%. Finally, only rotavirus/adenovirus (69.2% positive identification rate) was found in GII and no bacterium was isolated in this group.conclusions The high prevalence of treatable causes of non-malaria fever episodes requires a proper diagnosis of the origin of fever followed by an appropriate treatment, thereby reducing the under-5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and preventing the overprescription of antibiotics and thus circumventing the rise of antibiotic resistance.

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Influenza and Malaria Coinfection Among Young Children in Western Kenya, 2009–2011

Abstract: Coinfection with malaria and influenza was uncommon but associated with longer hospitalization than single infections among children 24-59 months of age.

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Influenza-Associated Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Influenza-Associated Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Parasite virulence, co-infections and cytokine balance in malaria

Aetiologies of non‐malaria febrile episodes in children under 5 years in sub‐Saharan Africa

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