Influenza A virus infection causes alterations in expression of synaptic regulatory genes combined with changes in cognitive and emotional behaviors in mice

Beraki, Simret; Aronsson, Fredrik; Karlsson, Håkan; Ögren, Sven Ove; Kristensson, Krister

doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001545

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…However, having performed a careful review of the pertinent literature, we found that, in the majority of studies in which neural spread of the A/WSN/33 virus has been shown to occur, this was a result of i.p. infection of pregnant dams (49,50), intranasal infection of immunodeficient mice (23,51), direct intracerebral inoculation (52,53), or infection of suckling mice (54)(55)(56). Indeed, we were able to identify only two studies that described spread to the brain following intranasal administration of influenza A/WSN/33 virus to adult immunocompetent mice, and in both cases, mice were infected using an inoculum 100 or 500 times greater than that used in our studies (57,58).…”

Section: Fig 7 Lung Compliance and Airway Resistance Were Not Alteredmentioning

confidence: 71%

Activation of A ₁ -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Aeffner

Woods

Davis

2014

J Virol

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We have shown that bronchoalveolar epithelial A 1 -adenosine receptors (A 1 -AdoR) are activated in influenza A virus-infected mice. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils also express A 1 -AdoRs, and we hypothesized that activation of A 1 -AdoRs on these cells will promote macrophage and neutrophil chemotaxis and activation and thereby play a role in the pathogenesis of influenza virus-induced acute lung injury. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, congenic A 1 -AdoR knockout (A 1 -KO) mice, and mice that had undergone reciprocal bone marrow transfer were inoculated intranasally with 10,000 PFU/mouse influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. Alternatively, WT mice underwent daily treatment with the A 1 -AdoR antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) from 1 day prior to inoculation. Infection increased bronchoalveolar lining fluid (BALF) adenosine comparably in WT and A 1 -KO mice. Infection of WT mice resulted in reduced carotid arterial O 2 saturation (hypoxemia), lung pathology, pulmonary edema, reduced lung compliance, increased basal airway resistance, and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. These effects were absent or significantly attenuated in A 1 -KO mice. Levels of BALF leukocytes, gamma interferon (IFN-␥), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were significantly reduced in infected A 1 -KO mice, but levels of KC, IP-10, and MCP-1 were increased. Reciprocal bone marrow transfer resulted in WT-like lung injury severity, but BALF leukocyte levels increased only in WT and A 1 -KO mice with WT bone barrow. Hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, and levels of BALF alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, IFN-␥, and IL-10 were reduced in DPCPX-treated WT mice. Levels of viral replication did not differ between mouse strains or treatment groups. These findings indicate that adenosine activation of leukocyte A 1 -AdoRs plays a significant role in their recruitment to the infected lung and contributes to influenza pathogenesis. A 1 -AdoR inhibitor therapy may therefore be beneficial in patients with influenza virus-induced lung injury. IMPORTANCEBecause antiviral drugs are of limited efficacy in patients hospitalized for influenza virus-induced respiratory failure, there is an urgent need for new therapeutics that can limit the progression of lung injury and reduce influenza death rates. We show that influenza A virus infection results in increased production of the nucleoside adenosine in the mouse lung and that activation of A 1 -subtype adenosine receptors by adenosine contributes significantly to both recruitment of innate immune cells to the lung and development of acute lung injury following influenza virus infection. We also show that treatment with an A 1 -adenosine receptor antagonist reduces the severity of lung injury in influenza virus-infected mice. Our findings indicate that adenosine plays an important and previously unrecognized role in the innate immune response to influenza virus infection and suggest that drugs which can inhibit either generation of adenosine or activation of A 1 -adenosine receptors may be beneficia...

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Section: Fig 7 Lung Compliance and Airway Resistance Were Not Alteredmentioning

confidence: 71%

Activation of A ₁ -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Aeffner

Woods

Davis

2014

J Virol

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“…One recent animal study examined the association of influenza A virus infection with the expression of synaptic regulatory proteins and cognitive differences in mice. 57 The investigators found increased expression of RGS4 and calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIa (CaMK2A) transcripts in specific regions of the brain. However, it is not known whether HSV1 infection leads to such alterations in gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain morphological changes associated with exposure to HSV1 in first-episode schizophrenia

et al. 2006

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Infectious agents have been proposed as one of the risk factors for schizophrenia. However, the data on the association of infectious agents with in vivo brain changes are scant. We evaluated the association of serological evidence of exposure to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) with in vivo brain structural variations among first-episode antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia/ schizoaffective disorder patients and control subjects. We assayed HSV1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in serum samples from 30 patients and 44 healthy subjects and obtained structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from the same individuals. There were proportionately more patients with elevated HSV1 antibody ratios than healthy comparison subjects (v 2 = 3.98, 1 df, P = 0.046) and patients had significantly higher HSV1 IgG antibody ratios compared with healthy subjects. Using optimized voxel-based morphometry, we examined diagnosis by HSV1 serological status interaction followed by within-and betweengroup comparison across the serological status. We observed a diagnosis by HSV1 serological status interaction and a significant main effect of HSV1 serological status in the prefrontal gray matter. Patients exposed to HSV1 had decreased gray matter in Brodmann area 9 (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and 32 (anterior cingulate cortex) compared with patients without serological evidence of exposure to HSV1. HSV1-associated differences in brain structure were not detected among healthy subjects. These findings suggest that HSV1 exposure in schizophrenia is associated with specific regional gray matter differences that may not be attributable to medications, illness chronicity or comorbid substance use. This study provides suggestive evidence for a link between HSV1 exposure and some of the cerebral morphological changes often reported in schizophrenia.

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“…The water tank was filled with tap water (22-23 xC) and a circular escape platform of 15 cm in diameter was placed 1.0 cm below the water line. The behaviour of the animals in the water-maze was monitored by a CCD camera (JVC, Tokyo, Japan) located above the centre of the water tank connected to the WaterMaze Software (Edinburgh, UK) which was used to monitor several parameters of the animals' behaviour (Beraki et al, 2005).…”

Section: Treatment With Pcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of repeated treatment of phencyclidine on cognition and gene expression in C57BL/6 mice

Beraki

Diaz-Heijtz

Tai

et al. 2008

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

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A number of studies indicate that glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission is disturbed in schizophrenia partly based on the findings that NMDA receptor antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) can reproduce a schizophrenia-like syndrome in both humans and rodents. This study investigated whether repeated administration of low doses of PCP can induce cognitive dysfunctions in mice at doses which produce no sensorimotor disturbances. In addition, the effects on cognition were related to the expression of two genes, Arc and spinophilin, which have been related to neuronal plasticity and learning. Adult male C57Bl/6J mice received daily s.c. doses of PCP (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) or saline for 7 d. Testing was performed 24 h after the last day of treatment. Only the 2.0 mg/kg PCP dose produced a consistent impairment in spatial learning and working memory performed in the water-maze task without any apparent sensorimotor deficits. Importantly, the 2.0 mg/kg PCP dose produced no impairment in a non-spatial learning paradigm in the water-maze task. PCP treatment altered Arc mRNA levels in the hippocampus and retrosplenial agranular cortex while leaving the striatum and prefrontal cortex unaffected. The mRNA expression of spinophilin was down-regulated in striatum by repeated PCP treatment. These results demonstrate that repeated treatment with low doses of PCP in mice can produce specific cognitive deficits which are associated with alterations in gene expression in brain regions that appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. These results suggest that the low-dose PCP model may have significant potential in characterizing the behavioural and molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia patients.

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Influenza A virus infection causes alterations in expression of synaptic regulatory genes combined with changes in cognitive and emotional behaviors in mice

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Activation of A ₁ -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Activation of A ₁ -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Brain morphological changes associated with exposure to HSV1 in first-episode schizophrenia

Effects of repeated treatment of phencyclidine on cognition and gene expression in C57BL/6 mice

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Influenza A virus infection causes alterations in expression of synaptic regulatory genes combined with changes in cognitive and emotional behaviors in mice

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Activation of A 1 -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Activation of A 1 -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Brain morphological changes associated with exposure to HSV1 in first-episode schizophrenia

Effects of repeated treatment of phencyclidine on cognition and gene expression in C57BL/6 mice

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Product

Resources

About

Activation of A ₁ -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Activation of A ₁ -Adenosine Receptors Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice Infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus