Influenza A(H3N2) Virus in Swine at Agricultural Fairs and Transmission to Humans, Michigan and Ohio, USA, 2016

Bowman, Andrew S.; Walia, Rasna R.; Nolting, Jacqueline M.; Vincent, Amy L.; Killian, Mary Lea; Zentkovich, Michele M.; Lorbach, Joshua N.; Lauterbach, Sarah E.; Anderson, Tavis K.; Davis, C. Todd; Zanders, Natosha; Jones, Joyce; Jang, Yunho; Lynch, Brian; Rodriguez, Marisela R.; Blanton, Lenee; Lindstrom, Stephen; Wentworth, David E.; Schiltz, John; Averill, James J.; Forshey, Tony

doi:10.3201/eid2309.170847

Cited by 72 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Influenza should be suspected in ill travelers returning from countries with ongoing influenza activity. Variant influenza infections associated with exposure to swine during animal exhibitions are reported each summer ( 7 ). Suspected variant influenza infections should be referred to state public health departments for testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update: Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2018–19 Season and Composition of the 2019–20 Influenza Vaccine

Blanton

Elal

et al. 2019

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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104

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update: Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2018–19 Season and Composition of the 2019–20 Influenza Vaccine

Blanton

Elal

et al. 2019

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

Self Cite

104

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“…The One Health concept is an integrative and collaborative approach that works to improve the health of humans and nonhuman animals while ensuring the protection of the natural environment (82). Clinicians and laboratorians should remain aware of the potential impact of One Health human-animal interfaces to allow for the emergence of new human respiratory viral pathogens (83,84). Recent examples include human infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with camel exposure (83), swine variants of FLUA (84), pandemic FLU (pdm09), avian FLUA (e.g., H7N9) (85), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) associated with bats and civet cats (86,87).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation Of Acute Respiratory mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYRespiratory viral infections are associated with a wide range of acute syndromes and infectious disease processes in children and adults worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, and these viruses are spread largely via respiratory means between humans but also occasionally from animals to humans. This article is an American Society for Microbiology (ASM)-sponsored Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology (PGCM) document identifying best practices for diagnosis and characterization of viruses that cause acute respiratory infections and replaces the most recent prior version of the ASM-sponsored Cumitech 21 document,Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Disease, published in 1986. The scope of the original document was quite broad, with an emphasis on clinical diagnosis of a wide variety of infectious agents and laboratory focus on antigen detection and viral culture. The new PGCM document is designed to be used by laboratorians in a wide variety of diagnostic and public health microbiology/virology laboratory settings worldwide. The article provides guidance to a rapidly changing field of diagnostics and outlines the epidemiology and clinical impact of acute respiratory viral infections, including preferred methods of specimen collection and current methods for diagnosis and characterization of viral pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections. Compared to the case in 1986, molecular techniques are now the preferred diagnostic approaches for the detection of acute respiratory viruses, and they allow for automation, high-throughput workflows, and near-patient testing. These changes require quality assurance programs to prevent laboratory contamination as well as strong preanalytical screening approaches to utilize laboratory resources appropriately. Appropriate guidance from laboratorians to stakeholders will allow for appropriate specimen collection, as well as correct test ordering that will quickly identify highly transmissible emerging pathogens.

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“…Text messaging has been used previously in research [16] and outbreak settings [17] to facilitate the monitoring of multiple individuals for respiratory illness. Michigan notified CDC of a laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H3N2) variant ("H3N2v") virus infection in a 9-year-old child, who had been exhibiting swine at an agricultural fair in Michigan [18,19]. Michigan reported a second infection the next day along with reports of ill swine at a second agricultural fair.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Text-Based Illness Monitoring for Detection of Novel Influenza A Virus Infections During an Influenza A (H3N2)v Virus Outbreak in Michigan, 2016: Surveillance and Survey (Preprint)

Stewart¹,

Rossow²,

Eckel³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In August 2016, an outbreak of variant influenza virus infections was detected among fair attendees in Michigan. Within weeks of the initial detection, we deployed a newly developed text-based surveillance platform to enhance detections of influenza infections. We used the deployment of this newly developed system during an outbreak to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the system for use in future outbreaks of novel influenza viruses. We enrolled 87 households at nine fairs, representing 392 people under active surveillance. Through our system, we detected additional variant virus infections. We identified several areas for system improvement and developed recommendations for future system deployments. This manuscript highlights how innovative tools can enhance traditional public health surveillance during an outbreak. This manuscript has not been previously published and is not being considered for publication anywhere other than JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. All authors have seen and approved the manuscript and contributed significantly to the work and no authors report any conflicts of interest. No writing assistance was provided in the preparation of the manuscript.Correspondence regarding this manuscript should be directed to: Rebekah J. Stewart, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop A-10, Atlanta, GA 30333; Phone: (404) Email: yxp5@cdc.gov Thank you for your consideration of this manuscript. I look forward to hearing from you. Objective: To enhance detections of influenza infections using text-based monitoring and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the system for use in future outbreaks of novel influenza viruses. Methods:During an outbreak of H3N2v virus infections among agricultural fair attendees, we deployed text-illness monitoring (TIM) to conduct active illness surveillance among households of youth who exhibited swine at fairs. We selected fairs with suspected H3N2v virus infections and fairs without suspect infections that met predefined criteria. Eligible respondents were identified and recruited through email outreach and/or on-site meetings at fairs. During and for 10 days after selected fairs, enrolled households received daily, automated text-messages inquiring about illness; reports of illness were investigated by local health departments. To understand the feasibility and acceptability of the system, we monitored enrollment and trends in participation and distributed a web-based survey to households of exhibitors from 5 fairs.Results: Among an estimated 500 households with a member who exhibited swine at one of 9 selected fairs, representatives of 87 (17%) households were enrolled, representing 392 household members. For fairs that were ongoing when TIM was deployed, the number of respondents peaked at 56 on the third day of the fair and then steadily declined throughout the rest of the monitoring period; 26 (30%) of 87 household representatives responded through the end of the 10-day monitoring period. We detected 2 H3N2v virus infections using TIM, which repres...

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Influenza A(H3N2) Virus in Swine at Agricultural Fairs and Transmission to Humans, Michigan and Ohio, USA, 2016

Cited by 72 publications

References 16 publications

Update: Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2018–19 Season and Composition of the 2019–20 Influenza Vaccine

Update: Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2018–19 Season and Composition of the 2019–20 Influenza Vaccine

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

Text-Based Illness Monitoring for Detection of Novel Influenza A Virus Infections During an Influenza A (H3N2)v Virus Outbreak in Michigan, 2016: Surveillance and Survey (Preprint)

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