Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus among Healthy Show Pigs, United States

Gray, Gregory C.; Bender, Jeffrey B.; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Daly, Russ; Krueger, Whitney S.; Male, Michael J.; Heil, Gary L.; Friary, John A.; Derby, Robin B.; Cox, Nancy J.

doi:10.3201/eid1809.120431

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2010, Song et al 2010, Forgie et al 2011, CDC 2012, Gray et al 2012, Williamson et al 2012). Swine workers and their family members are at increased risk of contracting swine influenza virus infections ( Olsen et al 2002, Myers et al 2006, Gray et al 2007, Robinson et al 2007, Yassine et al 2009, Beaudoin et al 2012, CDC 2012, Wong et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Amorim

Fornells

Reis

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Asymptomatic influenza virus infections in pigs are frequent and the lack of measures for controlling viral spread facilitates the circulation of different virus strains between pigs. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the circulation of influenza A virus strains among asymptomatic piglets in an abattoir in Brazil and discuss the potential public health impacts. Tracheal samples (n = 330) were collected from asymptomatic animals by a veterinarian that also performed visual lung tissue examinations. No slaughtered animals presented with any noticeable macroscopic signs of influenza infection following examination of lung tissues. Samples were then analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that resulted in the identification of 30 (9%) influenza A positive samples. The presence of asymptomatic pig infections suggested that these animals could facilitate virus dissemination and act as a source of infection for the herd, thereby enabling the emergence of influenza outbreaks associated with significant economic losses. Furthermore, the continuous exposure of the farm and abattoir workers to the virus increases the risk for interspecies transmission. Monitoring measures of swine influenza virus infections and vaccination and monitoring of employees for influenza infection should also be considered. In addition regulatory agencies should consider the public health ramifications regarding the potential zoonotic viral transmission between humans and pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Amorim

Fornells

Reis

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…15 Genomic analysis of viral isolates from exhibition pigs compared with human isolates confirmed zoonotic transmission. 21 Exhibition swine infected with IAV often do not show clinical signs of illness, [21][22][23] indicating the need for direct diagnostic tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

Nolting

Szablewski

Edwards

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Surveillance for influenza A viruses in swine is critical to human and animal health because influenza A virus rapidly evolves in swine populations and new strains are continually emerging. Swine are able to be infected by diverse lineages of influenza A virus making them important hosts for the emergence and maintenance of novel influenza A virus strains. Sampling pigs in diverse settings such as commercial swine farms, agricultural fairs, and live animal markets is important to provide a comprehensive view of currently circulating IAV strains. The current goldstandard ante-mortem sampling technique (i.e. collection of nasal swabs) is labor intensive because it requires physical restraint of the pigs. Nasal wipes involve rubbing a piece of fabric across the snout of the pig with minimal to no restraint of the animal. The nasal wipe procedure is simple to perform and does not require personnel with professional veterinary or animal handling training. While slightly less sensitive than nasal swabs, virus detection and isolation rates are adequate to make nasal wipes a viable alternative for sampling individual pigs when low stress sampling methods are required. The proceeding protocol outlines the steps needed to collect a viable nasal wipe from an individual pig. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…There are several studies suggesting that multiple subtypes of influenza viruses, including A(H1N1)pdm09, are infecting dogs (6)(7)(8)(9)(12)(13)(14). It has also been shown that dog-to-dog transmission of A(H1N1)pdm09 can occur but with low infection rates (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, it has continued to circulate among humans, along with a number of other seasonal influenza viruses. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has also been detected in a number of nonhuman species, including pigs, poultry, dogs, and cats (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%