Influential Factors and Evaluation Methods of the Performance of Grouted Semi-Flexible Pavement (GSP)—A Review

Guo, Xiaogang; Hao, Peiwen

doi:10.3390/app11156700

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…As a result, the amount of water in mixes has to be chosen to guarantee the strength of semi-flexible pavement [4]. The range of water/cement in the world is from 0.4 to 0.63 depending on the type of cement [2]. The ratio of water/cement in this research was 0.45 to estimate the application features of semi-flexible pavement material.…”

Section: Ratio Of Water and Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With high water/cement, the low viscosity of mortar increases the flow rate of mortar, which fully penetrates the porous asphalt. Yet, the strength of grout is reduced with too high water/cement, although cementitious grout is filled in pores in semi-flexible material [2]. As a result, the amount of water in mixes has to be chosen to guarantee the strength of semi-flexible pavement [4].…”

Section: Ratio Of Water and Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical properties of semi-flexible pavement are based on the structure of two materials. Cement grout can increase strength and heat resistance and reduce rutting for semi-flexible material [1][2][3]. The cement grout will penetrate and fill the air voids in the porous asphalt concrete to increase the pavement performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the qualities of grouting material used modifiers in the semi-flexible pavement

Do,

Nguyen

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Semi-flexible pavement has a more notable advantage over asphalt concrete pavement in terms of rutting performance. Cement grouting and open-graded asphalt concrete are components of the semi-flexible pavement. In cement grouting, two commercial modifiers from Sika Vietnam were used, Sika Latex and Sika TH Latex, with different contents from 4.5% to 7.5% for Sika Latex and 7.5% to 9.5% for Sika TH Latex. 72 samples of cement mortar were fabricated in laboratory conditions from PCB40. All cement grouts were cured at the age of 7 days. The paper results focus on the flexural strength and the compressive strength of both mortars, the suggestion of Sika content to produce the stable strength of cement grout, and the viscosity of cement mortar based on the Sika contents.

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Section: Ratio Of Water and Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ratio Of Water and Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the qualities of grouting material used modifiers in the semi-flexible pavement

Do,

Nguyen

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Obviously, the cement grouting material plays an important role in the performance of the semi-flexible composite mixture. Guo et al considered that the cement grouting material is the main factor influencing the performance of semiflexible composite mixture (Guo & Hao, 2021). To meet various functional requirements of the semi-flexible composite mixture, the grouting material should provide various properties of high-fluidization, early strength, and low-shrinkage (Hu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty-Based Performance Prediction and Optimization of High-Fluidization Cement Grouting Material Using Machine Learning and Bayesian Inference

Ren

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Int J Concr Struct Mater

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In pavement engineering, cement grouting material is widely used to pour into large void asphalt concrete to prepare semi-flexible composite mixtures. It plays an essential role in the performance of the semi-flexible composite mixture. To meet specific engineering requirements, various additives are mixed into the grouting material to improve the physical and mechanical properties. As a result, the uncertainty of the grouting material is also more significant as the complexity of material composition increases during the material design. It will bring some unknown risks for the engineering application. Hence, it is necessary to quantize the uncertainty during the material design of the grouting material and evaluate the reliability of the material formula. In this study, a novel framework of material design was developed by combing the Multioutput support vector machine (MSVM), Bayesian inference, and laboratory experiments. The MSVM was used to approximate and characterize the complex and nonlinear relationship between the grouting material formula and its properties based on laboratory experiments. The Bayesian inference was adopted to deal with the uncertainty of material design using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo. An optimized formula of the cement grouting material is obtained based on the developed framework. Experimental results show that the optimized formula improves engineering properties and performance stability, especially early strength. The developed framework provides a helpful, valuable, and promising tool for evaluating the reliability of the material design of the grouting material considering the uncertainty.

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“…The application of SFP covers Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong and other provinces [1][2][3]. SFP mixture is a composite pavement material formed by pouring specific cement slurry into macroporous asphalt mixture, which is named because its stiffness is between asphalt concrete and cement concrete [4]. Laboratory tests and engineering practices show that the SFP mixture have excellent shear strength, rutting resistance, high temperature stability [5,6], better durability than traditional asphalt pavement [7], and may help with mitigating urban heat islands in city centres [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Resistance and Cracking Mechanism of Semi-Flexible Pavement Mixture

et al. 2021

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Semi-flexible pavement (SFP) is widely used in recent years because of its good rutting resistance, but it is easy to crack under traffic loads. A large number of studies are aimed at improving its crack resistance. However, the understanding of its fatigue resistance and fatigue-cracking mechanism is limited. Therefore, the semi-circular bending (SCB) fatigue test is used to evaluate the fatigue resistance of the SFP mixture. SCB fatigue tests under different temperature values and stress ratio were used to characterize the fatigue life of the SFP mixture, and its laboratory fatigue prediction model was established. The distribution of various phases of the SFP mixture in the fracture surface was analyzed by digital image processing technology, and its fatigue cracking mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the SFP mixture has better fatigue resistance under low temperature and low stress ratio, while its fatigue resistance under other environmental and load conditions is worse than that of asphalt mixture. The main reason for the poor fatigue resistance of the SFP mixture is the poor deformation capacity and low strength of grouting materials. Furthermore, the performance difference between grouting material and the asphalt binder is large, which leads to the difference of fatigue cracking mechanism of the SFP mixture under different conditions. Under the fatigue load, the weak position of the SFP mixture at a low temperature is asphalt binder and its interface with other materials, while at medium and high temperatures, the weak position of the SFP mixture is inside the grouting material. The research provides a basis for the calculation of the service life of the SFP structure, provides a reference for the improvement direction of the SFP mixture composition and internal structure.

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Influential Factors and Evaluation Methods of the Performance of Grouted Semi-Flexible Pavement (GSP)—A Review

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Investigating the qualities of grouting material used modifiers in the semi-flexible pavement

Investigating the qualities of grouting material used modifiers in the semi-flexible pavement

Uncertainty-Based Performance Prediction and Optimization of High-Fluidization Cement Grouting Material Using Machine Learning and Bayesian Inference

Fatigue Resistance and Cracking Mechanism of Semi-Flexible Pavement Mixture

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