Influential Cases in Multilevel Modeling: A Methodological Comment

Meer, Tom van der; Pelzer, Ben; Grotenhuis, Manfred te

doi:10.1177/0003122409359166

Cited by 188 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…One way of testing the robustness of analyses with a rather small number of cases is by testing for influential cases which could bias our results and may lead to false assumptions. We estimated Cooks Distance (CooksD) as well as dfBetas for our models (see van der Meer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping tolerant attitudes towards immigrants: The role of welfare state expenditures

Rapp

2016

Journal of European Social Policy

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This article contributes to the ongoing discussion on how tolerance may be fostered in Western European countries and to the question of how contextual factors such as welfare state expenditures may contribute to this formation. Tolerance is understood as a basic democratic principle that helps civil societies cope with rising levels of diversity stemming from increased immigration and individualism. Within the tolerance literature it is commonly agreed upon that a comprehensive welfare state is capable of bridging class divides and overcoming social categorization. However, over the past decades European welfare states experienced an ongoing influx of immigrants, challenging their general purpose and increasing notions of 'welfare chauvinism'. Drawing on insights from both tolerance and welfare state solidarity literature, we implement hierarchical analyses based on Eurobarometer data to assess the potential influence of welfare state universalism on political and social tolerance in 15 Western European countries. Moreover, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly conditional on the degree of ethnic heterogeneity within a country.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping tolerant attitudes towards immigrants: The role of welfare state expenditures

Rapp

2016

Journal of European Social Policy

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“…Firstly, it has been shown that doctor-patient communication is affected by patient's SES in the sense that doctors convey less information and directions to patients from the lower social strata of a society, deploy a more directive consulting style, and give patients fewer positive socio-emotional responses (Willems et al, 2005). Secondly, aspects of doctor-patient relationships have been shown to be related to outcomes such as patient satisfaction, coping with disease, and recall and understanding of information received from the physician (Ong et al, 1995), as well as to self-reported and objective health measures (Griffin et al, 2004;Stewart, 1995a). However, there has been little research connecting the two issues of the SES-health gradient and SES differences in the doctor-patient relationship.…”

Section: Melinda Mills Is Nuffieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Educational Gradient in Self-Rated Health in Europe: Does the Doctor-Patient Relationship Make a Difference?

Präg¹,

Wittek²,

Mills³

2017

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Research suggests that doctor-patient relations have evolved from a doctorcentered, paternalistic approach towards a more patient-centered, egalitarian model of interactions between physicians and their patients. Given the longrunning debate on the positive relationship between education and health, the question arises how this development in doctor-patient relations affects social inequalities in health. First, we test to what extent egalitarian (e.g. discussing treatment decisions with patients) doctor-patient relations are underlying the education-self-reported health association. Second, we test whether egalitarian and paternalistic (e.g. withholding some information from patients) doctor-patient relations show differential effects on self-reported health across educational groups. Analyses of the European Social Survey (ESS) 2004/2005 for 24 countries demonstrate that a more egalitarian doctor-patient relationship does not substantially reduce educational inequalities in self-reported health. However, some direct positive effects of egalitarian and direct negative effects of paternalistic doctor-patient relations on health ratings can be found. Finally, results show how the health status of the lower educated can improve with a more egalitarian and less paternalistic doctor-patient relationship.

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“…In social science applications of mixed models the testing for influential data is especially important, since these models are frequently based on large numbers of observations at the individual level while the number of higher level groups is relatively small. For instance, Van der Meer, te Grotenhuis, and Pelzer (2010) were unable to find any country-level comparative studies involving more than 54 countries. With such a relatively low number of countries, a single country can easily be overly influential on the parameter estimates of one or more of the country-level variables.…”

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confidence: 99%

influence.ME: Tools for Detecting Influential Data in Mixed Effects Models

Nieuwenhuis¹,

Grotenhuis²,

Pelzer³

2016

Preprint

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influence.ME provides tools for detecting influential data in mixed effects models. The application of these models has become common practice, but the development of diagnostic tools has lagged behind. influence.ME calculates standardized measures of influential data for the point estimates of generalized mixed effects models, such as DFBETAS, Cook's distance, as well as percentile change and a test for changing levels of significance. influence.ME calculates these measures of influence while accounting for the nesting structure of the data. The package and measures of influential data are introduced, a practical example is given, and strategies for dealing with influential data are suggested.

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Influential Cases in Multilevel Modeling: A Methodological Comment

Cited by 188 publications

References 6 publications

Shaping tolerant attitudes towards immigrants: The role of welfare state expenditures

Shaping tolerant attitudes towards immigrants: The role of welfare state expenditures

The Educational Gradient in Self-Rated Health in Europe: Does the Doctor-Patient Relationship Make a Difference?

influence.ME: Tools for Detecting Influential Data in Mixed Effects Models

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