Influencia de los atributos del paisaje en la ocupación de parches de bosque y en la demografía de Alouatta caraya en un ambiente fragmentado del noreste de Argentina

Gorostiaga, Nicolas; Zamboni, Lisandra Pamela; Cerezo, Alexis; Pavé, Romina

doi:10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3475

Cited by 2 publications

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References 29 publications

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“…Black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya, Humboldt, 1812) inhabit several ecoregions in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia (Brown and Zunino, 1994;Lynch Alfaro et al, 2015) and show a remarkable variation in density across their distribution (Zunino et al, 2001;Bicca-Marques et al, 2008;Agostini et al, 2015;Jardim et al, 2020;Gorostiaga et al, 2021). These differences could be attributed to resource availability, interspecific competition, or the effect of epidemic diseases like yellow fever (Holzmann et al, 2010;Kowalewski et al, 2011;Lynch Alfaro et al, 2015;Oklander et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gone With the Water: The Loss of Genetic Variability in Black and Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) Due to Dam Construction

et al. 2022

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Black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabit several eco-regions in South America with the highest population densities in riverine forests. Dam construction for electricity production represents a severe human alteration of ecosystems with consequences for primate conservation. To evaluate the possible loss of genetic diversity in A. caraya, we analysed and compared the genetic structure of the species across 22 study sites in Argentina (14), Paraguay (1), and Brazil (7). Four of these study sites (referred to as flooded) were sampled before dam-linked flooding which most likely caused a drastic decline or functional extinction of these populations. The genetic variability of 256 individuals was evaluated using 10 autosomal microsatellites (STRs) and 112 individuals by sequencing a fragment of 507 bp of mtDNA. DNA was extracted from tissue, blood, and faecal samples. Significantly higher values of genetic variability were observed for the flooded populations both in mtDNA and STRs. Population genetic structure showed a K = 1, 2, or 5 depending on the method, separating Argentinian and Paraguayan sites from Brazilian sites and, in the case of K = 5, two clusters were mostly represented by flooded populations. Isolation-by-distance analyses showed that geographic distances influence gene flow. Analytical methods, such as Pairwise Fst’s and Nei’s and regression model of Harpending and Ward, were concordant in detecting significant genetic structuring between flooded and remaining sites examined. Although some sites have very low sample sizes, these samples are of great importance since these sampling sites are currently flooded. Our results show that the study sites where dams were built had the greatest genetic diversity. As A. caraya is currently severely threatened by yellow fever outbreaks, the remaining populations may be more vulnerable to disease outbreaks due to impoverished genetic variability. Accordingly, it is essential to implement management actions to conserve the remaining populations. Our results underline the importance for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) to include data on the genetic structure of species in the affected sites prior to their alteration or destruction. These genetic data are also remarkably important for determining where to relocate specific individuals to help avoid biodiversity loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gone With the Water: The Loss of Genetic Variability in Black and Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) Due to Dam Construction

et al. 2022

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Prioritizing Areas for Primate Conservation in Argentina

et al. 2022

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Argentina lies within the southernmost distributional range of five neotropical primates, the brown howler monkey Alouatta guariba, the black-and-gold howler monkey Alouatta caraya, the black-horned capuchin Sapajus nigritus, the Azara’s capuchin Sapajus cay, and the Azara’s owl monkey Aotus azarae; the first three of which are globally threatened. These species occupy different ecoregions: the Alto Paraná Atlantic forest, the Araucaria moist forest, the humid Chaco, the Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna, the Paraná Ffooded savanna, and the Southern Andean Yungas. The recently approved National Primate Conservation Plan of Argentina calls for identifying priority areas to focus conservation actions for these species. We used species distribution models to estimate species ranges and then used the Zonation software to perform a spatial conservation prioritization analysis based on primate habitat quality and connectivity to identify potential areas of importance at national and ecoregional levels. Only 7.2% (19,500 km2) of the area inhabited by primates in Argentina is under protection. Outside the current protected areas, the top-ranked 1% and 5% priority areas identified in our analysis covered 1894 and 7574 km2, respectively. The top 1% areas were in the Atlantic forest of Misiones province, where S. nigritus, A. guariba, and A. caraya are distributed, and in the humid portion of eastern Chaco and Formosa provinces, where A. azarae and A. caraya are present. The top 5% areas included portions of the Yungas, where S. cay is the only primate present. Priority areas in Chaco and Formosa provinces are particularly relevant because of the paucity of protected areas and the high deforestation rate. The endangered A. guariba population will benefit from the better protection of the priority areas of Misiones. The potential priority areas proposed herein, considered within a context of a broad participatory process involving relevant stakeholders and local people, will help guide new and innovative conservation policies and practices while supporting management objectives.

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Influencia de los atributos del paisaje en la ocupación de parches de bosque y en la demografía de Alouatta caraya en un ambiente fragmentado del noreste de Argentina

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Gone With the Water: The Loss of Genetic Variability in Black and Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) Due to Dam Construction

Gone With the Water: The Loss of Genetic Variability in Black and Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) Due to Dam Construction

Prioritizing Areas for Primate Conservation in Argentina

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