Influência da temperatura na geração biogênica de metano e dióxido de carbono na formação Irati, permiano da bacia do Paraná

Abstract

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) have great environmental and economic importance due to their contribution to the greenhouse effect and climate change, but also as energy resource, in the case of CH4. From the energy point of view, recognizing the different sources of CH4 in sedimentary basins has a crucial factor in assessing the world's natural gas reserves, since the current estimates of hydrocarbons accumulations in sedimentary basins are based on thermogenic generation of hydrocarbons. However, few studies evaluate the importance of CH4 and CO2 generation as a product of organic matter biodegradation in sedimentary basins. This issue has great relevance to improve the estimates about the geological accumulations of CH4 and CO2. Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting microbial growth and biogeochemical processes responsible for CH4 and CO2 generation in subsurface environments. In this context, the Irati Formation (Permian of the Paraná Basin) in southern of South America represents one of the most organicrich shale around the world, reaching up to 23% of total organic carbon (TOC) and covering an area of approximately 700.000 km 2. The thermal history of this important geological carbon pool is atypical because it depends not only on the burial history, but also on the emplacement of igneous bodies during the Early Cretaceous. In this study, shale samples of the Irati Formation were used in incubation experiments performed under different temperatures (22°C, 50°C, 70°C and 80°C) to evaluate the influence of thermal conditions on biogenic generation of CH4 and CO2. Higher temperatures promoted higher production rates of CH4 and CO2. Biogenic CH4 production was more efficient when shale samples were incubated at 80°C, with a maximum yield of 2.45 ml/t.d compared to 0.49 ml/t.d at 22°C, 1.75 ml/t.d at 50°C and 2.09 ml/t.d at 70°C. The same trend was observed for CO2 generated as by-product of methanogenesis. The maximum production for CO2 was observed at 80°C, reaching 23467.37 ml/t.d. The differences in CH4 and CO2 production observed for different analyzed samples seem to be related to the composition of the mineral matrix, being observed higher production in samples with higher amount of sulfur. Additionaly, organic layers of the Água de Madeiros and Vale das Fontes Formations (Lusitanian Basin), which are thermally immature and present typically marine kerogen, were also submitted to incubation experiments to evaluate CH4 and CO2 generation. Higher biogenic generation of CH4 with the elevation of temperature was also observed for the Água de Madeiros and Vale das Fontes Formations. This suggests that biogenic CH4 generation is favored by higher temperatures, at least until 80°C, independent of the thermal maturity of the substrate, pointing that the temperature window (and depth zone) for the generation of biogenic CH4 in sedimentary basins is larger than suggested in previous studies.

Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Female Lidia Cattle Slaughtered at Different Ages

“…), these areas offer an ideal environment for the small-to medium-sized Lidia breed. From an environmental perspective, breeding Lidia cattle in dehesas positively impacts biodiversity conservation and animal welfare, promoting sustainable agricultural practices [6]. Additionally, the presence of the Lidia breed in rural areas plays a pivotal role in rural development, offering an economic alternative to counteract depopulation and generating sustainable employment [7].…”

CO2 geological storage in organic-rich shales of the Irati Formation, Paraná Basin, Brazil

“…The third and late migration stage was related to the cooling process of the magmatic intrusions, driven by local pressure gradients. Posteriorly, with the developed permeability, freshwater infiltration from overlapping aquifers (Pirambóia and Botucatu Formations), favoured the organic-matter degradation by anaerobic microorganisms (methanogenesis) at low-temperature conditions (below 50°C), producing biogenic natural gas (Bertassoli et al, 2016;, and resulting in a mixture of thermogenic and biogenic natural gas (Almeida, 2018).…”

Conversão de metano em metanol em camada fina de difusão de gás utilizando fotocatalisadores porosos de WO>sub<3>/sub</TiO>sub<2>/sub<

“…Podem-se citar as bactérias fermentadoras e bactérias metanogênicas archaeas, cuja simbiose resulta na geração desse gás, apesar de ocorrer competição com outros grupos de microrganismos que podem limitar a geração de metano. Entre esses habitats anaeróbicos estão sedimentos marinhos, arrozais, biorreatores e digestores de lodo esgoto e aterros sanitários [52,53].…”