Influences on the carbonate hydrochemistry of mound spring environments, Lake Eyre South region, South Australia

Keppel, Mark; Post, Vincent; Love, Andrew J.; Clarke, Jonathan; Werner, Adrian D.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.017

Cited by 28 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The authors have a range of experience in the area to select locations that appeared representative of the respective aquifer while being located as close as possible to the springs. Other investigations of springs in the area found degassing to strongly affect chemistry with an increase in pH and a decrease in alkalinity (Keppel et al 2012). While this study's results see this increase in pH, a strong decrease in alkalinity in the samples is not evident.…”

Section: Mixing Models and Geochemical Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Spring tails are often considered to be surface runoff from the primary spring vent, but recent work has shown that additional small springs may appear in linear spring tails, adding additional discharge and mixing processes to the surface flows and acting as a line source of groundwater over a fault zone (Halihan et al 2013). These additional sources of native groundwater in the tails are apparent in geophysical and geochemical data but are not apparent from visual inspection making water sampling to determine water evolution complex (Halihan et al 2013;Keppel et al 2012;. The Freeling Spring Group consists of multiple springs and seeps with the largest spring in the southern portion of the complex being Freeling Spring (spring No.…”

Section: Hydrogeology Of Freeling Spring Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cross-section A-A′ is illustrated in Fig. 3 happen immediately upon the water reaching the surface (Keppel et al 2012). Available regional chemical data included a MB spring water sample (MB002) and a nearby well in the GAB (well ID 6041-36; Fig.…”

Section: Geochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further clarification of the chemistry could be achieved with targeted borings on both sides of the fault in an effort to obtain independent samples of the three potential water sources to the spring. This could eliminate the issue of mixed and/or reacted chemical samples caused by evaporative processes, microbial processes, precipitation of minerals, and potential reactions caused by the vegetation at the spring vents (Keppel et al 2012). Lithologic analysis of new borings and additional seismic data could provide further information on the fault structure controlling the location of the springs and the mixing processes that are interpreted.…”

Section: Mixing Models and Geochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for groundwater mixing at Freeling Spring Group, South Australia

et al. 2019

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Water sampling at springs that are a part of the Freeling Spring Group, South Australia, was used along with electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) data to evaluate the sources and pathways for groundwater to the springs and to find evidence of mixing between the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) aquifer system (Algebuckina Sandstone, Cadna-owie Formation and lateral equivalents) and waters from the adjacent mountain block basement (MB) aquifer. Five springs and a well were used to evaluate spring chemistry; multi-electrode resistivity data were collected along three orientations over the Freeling Spring site. The resistivity data indicate three independent electrically conductive curvilinear features connected to the spring. These features are evidence of mixing at the spring vent similar to what would be predicted from traditional hydraulic flownets. The chemistry of the spring water samples indicates that the water emanating from the Freeling Spring Group is a mixture of waters from both the GAB and the MB aquifers, supporting the geophysical evidence. The data suggest mixing occurs along a fracture in the body of the MB and porous media flow in the GAB beds, but the system is dominated by the GAB flow, which provides approximately 90% of the discharge.

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Section: Mixing Models and Geochemical Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Hydrogeology Of Freeling Spring Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mixing Models and Geochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for groundwater mixing at Freeling Spring Group, South Australia

et al. 2019

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“…Evaluation of SIc is important in giving essential information of the karst system. For example, cartography of SIc in different stream sites can be performed for resource spatial evaluation (Herman and Lorah 1987;Pentecost 1992;Hess and White 1993;Keppel et al, 2012). It is also useful when calcite deposition/removal in stream water issued from karstic spring is a concern (Dreybrodt et al 1992;Bono et al 2001;Hattanji et al 2014;Abongwa and Atekwana 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIc–Abacus: An in–situ tool for estimating SIc and Pco2 in the context of carbonate karst

Peyraube

Lastennet

Denis

et al. 2019

Journal of Hydrology

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This article aims to provide an on the spot, handy field tool that can be used in estimating the Saturation Index with respect to calcite in karst aquifers in a limestone context. It relies on an abacus that gives the SIc by using measured pH and bicarbonate concentration as coordinates. The analytical expressions of the carbonate equilibrium equations are derived in order to calculate SIc from values that can be measured on field. Using these established relationships, we propose an Abacus built from the SIc=f(Pco 2 eq) reference frame, hence called SIc-Abacus. Accuracy of SIc calculation is also discussed. SIc is calculated with values measured considering uncertainty coming from pH (±0.05 pH units), temperature (±0.1 °C), bicarbonate and calcium concentrations (±2.5 mg/L and ±2 mg/L). This gives, for each sample, a range of possible SIc values of ±0.060 pH units (for a bicarbonate concentration close to 300 mg/L). The effect on SIc range of possible values given by bicarbonate and calcium uncertainties is about 10 times lower than the effect brought by pH uncertainty. Also, bicarbonate and calcium concentration can be estimated from electrical conductivity leading to a possible range of SIc value of ±0.087 pH units. In both cases, the range of possible values of SIc varies according to the bicarbonate concentration. Using Cussac and Lascaux sites, an evaluation was done. Results show the goodness of fit (R 2 =0.96) between the calculated SIc from measured pH, bicarbonate and calcium concentration and the estimated SIc values generated from the SIc-Abacus. Apart from calculating SIc, another method which is an alternative use of the generated SIc equation focused on obtaining pH using parameters such as electrical conductivity and dissolved CO 2 measurements is presented. The study shows that SIc-Abacus can be a new in-situ tool for karst aquifer surveys. It can facilitate in making a swift decision that tackles carbonate karst issues (e.g. when selecting sites or in deciding if extensive monitoring should be performed or not based from a specific objective).

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Influence of biotic vs abiotic processes on the genesis of non‐marine carbonates along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Cameroon) and palaeofluid provenance

Bissé

Ekoko

Gerber

et al. 2021

The Depositional Record

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Continental spring carbonates are perfect examples of the interaction of biotic and abiotic processes, and they preserve evidence of the velocity of the flow and the chemical composition of the spring water. This study focuses on non-marine carbonates from fossil and active springs from the Bongongo and Ngol areas along the Cameroon Volcanic Line in South-West Cameroon. Here, hydrothermal fluids reach the surface giving rise to small thermal springs, with temperatures between 31 and 49°C, and streams creating waterfalls, terracettes and barrage carbonate deposits. Petrographic analyses of these carbonates revealed that they are made up of stacked laminae of fibrous coarse crystals of low-Mg calcite and laminae of alternate microsparite and micrite. The fibrous coarsely crystalline calcite, often with feather-like fabric, grows from thin layers of micrite and peloids. Filaments of putative microbial origin are preserved within this peloidal micrite. The laminated microsparite and micrite microfacies is characterised by an intricate mesh of hollow filaments of microbial origin. The long feather-like crystals of calcite formed in fast-flowing water where the enhanced CO 2 degassing has favoured the precipitation of CaCO 3 . The laminated micrite and microsparite, on the other hand, are probably formed in ponds where degassing and CO 2 removal was lower and the calcite precipitation was fostered by microbial activity. The fast-forming carbonates show higher Ce contents and very low total rare earth elements, revealing a preferential uptake of Ce with respect to other rare earth elements. This process would explain the positive or null Ce anomaly in continental spring carbonates elsewhere. The geochemical composition of these carbonates can be used as proxy for the characterisation of fluid/rock interactions between the groundwater and the substratum and for the characterisation of the sources of calcium and other elements that constitute tufa and travertines. The samples from Ngol are characterised by light rare earth element enrichment while those from Bongongo are overall enriched in heavy rare earth elements. Carbonates from both localities have a strong positive Eu anomaly (>4), suggesting a contribution | 103 BISSE Et al.

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Influences on the carbonate hydrochemistry of mound spring environments, Lake Eyre South region, South Australia

Cited by 28 publications

References 64 publications

Evidence for groundwater mixing at Freeling Spring Group, South Australia

Evidence for groundwater mixing at Freeling Spring Group, South Australia

SIc–Abacus: An in–situ tool for estimating SIc and Pco2 in the context of carbonate karst

Influence of biotic vs abiotic processes on the genesis of non‐marine carbonates along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Cameroon) and palaeofluid provenance

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