Influences of urban wastewaters on the stream water quality: a case study from Gumushane Province, Turkey

Abstract

Urban wastewater in Turkey is primarily discharged without treatment to marine environments, streams and rivers, and natural and artificial lakes. Since it has been well established that untreated effluent in multi-use waters can have acute and chronic impacts to both the environment and human health, it is important to evaluate the consequences of organic enrichment relative to the structure and function of aquatic environment. We investigated the impacts of untreated municipal wastewater discharge from the city of Gumushane in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey on the surface water quality of the stream Harsit. Several key water-quality indicators were measured: chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH (4)(+)-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO(2)(-)-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO(3)(-)-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate phosphorus (PO(4)(3-)-P), methylene blue active substances (MBAS), water temperature (t), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrical conductivity (EC). The monitoring and sampling studies were conducted every 15 days from March 2009 to February 2010 at three longitudinally distributed stations. While t, pH, DO, and EC demonstrated relatively little variability over the course of the study, other parameters showed substantial temporal and spatial variations. The most dramatic differences were noted in COD, NH(4)(+)-N, NO(2)(-)-N, TKN, TN, PO(4)(3-) P, and MBAS immediately downstream of the wastewater discharge. Concentration increases of 309 and 418 % for COD, 5,635 and 2,162 % for NH (4)(+)-N, 2,225 and 674 % for NO(2)(-)-N, 283 and 478 % for TKN, 208 and 213 % for PO(4)(3-)-P, and 535 and 1,260 % for MBAS were observed in the summer and autumn, respectively. These changes were associated with greatly diminished seasonal stream flows. Based on NO(2)(-)-N, TKN, PO(4)(3-) P, and MBAS concentrations, it was concluded that Harsit stream water was correctly classified as polluted. The most telling parameter, however, was NH (4) (+) -N, which indicated highly polluted waters in both the summer and autumn. The elevated concentrations of both P and N in the downstream segment of the stream triggered aggressive growth of submerged algae. This eutrophication of river systems is highly representative of many urban corridors and is symptomatic of ongoing organic enrichment that must be addressed through improved water treatment facilities.

Land use and its impacts on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed, Guarulhos (SP)

“…Similar results were observed by Grieco et al (2017), Purandara et al (2012) and Bayram et al (2013) and this decrease in pH is attributed to the increase of organic matter and other wastes carried by the rains.…”

Aşağı Melet Irmağı (Ordu, Türkiye) Su Kalitesi ve Kirlilik Düzeyinin Araştırılması

“…(Taş, 2006), (Gedik et al 2010) and (Bayram et al 2013) reported some water quality parameters from Derbent Dam Lake, Fırtına Stream, and Harşit Stream, respectively which are in the same region with Melet River.…”

Diagnóstico espacial e temporal de condições físico-químicas e microbiológicas do Córrego do Tanquinho, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil

“…Comparando os valores de pH dos períodos seco e chuvoso, foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa (p < 0,05), onde foi observado redução do pH no período chuvoso. Esse resultado é condizente com os trabalhos de Purandara et al (2012) e Bayram et al (2013), e pode ser explicado pelo aumento de matéria orgânica e de outros resíduos carreados pelas chuvas. Além disso, o período chuvoso ocorre no verão, e à medida que a temperatura aumenta ocorre a ionização da água, o que estimula a concentração de íons de hidrogênio e a Andre Abreu Grieco et al redução no pH (Bayram et al, 2013).…”