Influences of the south–to-north water diversion project and virtual water flows on regional water resources considering both water quantity and quality

Liu, Jing; Li, Meng; Wu, Mengyang; Luan, Xiaobo; Wang, Weiguang; Yu, Zhongbo

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118920

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This resulted in the laying-off of 19,000 workers in Xichuan County, and the county’s fiscal revenue decreased by (at its maximum) CNY 895 million yuan from 2014 to 2015 ( Figure 13 ). We carried out this study to estimate the water transfer value and appealed to relevant government sectors to pay attention to the future subsidization of ecological migrants in Xichuan County [ 20 , 43 , 57 ]. Ecological migrants need to adjust to a new production and living environment after resettlement [ 33 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Impact of Ecological Migrants on the South-to-North Water Diversion in China

Cui

Qin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) provides significant benefits in facilitating water security and improving ecology in northern China. However, few studies have estimated the water value of the SNWD and the corresponding subsequent subsidies of the ecological migrants in Xichuan County displaced by the project. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study analyzed the water ecosystem changes in Xichuan County in 2000–2020 and valued the water transfer of the SNWD. We calculated the water cost, the water value of the trunk line project, and the four provinces (Hebei, Henan, Beijing, and Tianjin) of CNY 4.04, 39.64, and 120.93 billion, respectively, and the proportion of the three was 1:10:30 during 2014–2020. The water ecosystem area showed a rapid increase when the SNWD became operational since the end of 2014. The subsequent annual subsidy gap of ecological migrants was CNY 0.84 billion, which only accounted for 4.31% of the gross profit of SNWD. Our results imply that relevant water sectors have sufficient profits to support corresponding subsequent subsidies for ecological migrants. Ecological migrants are a major challenge for water transfer projects. Overall, this study fills a gap of interactions between subsequent policies and ecological migrants and provides a typical case for managing the migration problem caused by sustainable water management worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Impact of Ecological Migrants on the South-to-North Water Diversion in China

Cui

Qin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The removal of flow from donor rivers is the greatest consequence of IBWT, which can have dramatic impacts on the natural flow, leading to changes in downstream morphology (Annys et al, 2019), drying up of wetlands (Richter et al, 2010) and triggering delta retreat leading to sea-water incursion (Pittock et al, 2009;Zhang, 2009). In recipient basins, enhanced flows have been linked to promoting wasteful water use, particularly in irrigation (Albiac-Murillo et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2020aLiu et al, , 2020bLiu et al, , 2020cQuinn, 1968), resulting in waterlogging (Singh, 2002) and salinisation (Iyer, 1998;McCully, 2001). The linking of two previously independent basins can also lead to invasive species passing through the transfer system (Daniels, 2004;Das, 2006), alter fish species distributions, richness and resilience (Guo et al, 2020;Schmidt et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2021), as well as facilitate the transfer of pollutants to recipient basins (Zhuang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Socio-economic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The linking of two previously independent basins can also lead to invasive species passing through the transfer system (Daniels, 2004; Das, 2006), alter fish species distributions, richness and resilience (Guo et al, 2020; Schmidt et al, 2020; Zhao et al, 2021), as well as facilitate the transfer of pollutants to recipient basins (Zhuang et al, 2019). The construction impacts of increasingly large schemes are also highlighted, particularly where productive agricultural land or forest is lost (Liu et al, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c). Recent studies also highlight the need to consider the longer-term sustainability of projects, underlining their energy usage, carbon emissions and the displacement of pollution (Y Liu et al, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c; Rogers et al, 2020).…”

Section: Understanding Ibwtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interbasin water transfer in a changing world: A new conceptual model

Rollason

Sinha

Bracken

2021

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Water scarcity is a global issue, affecting in excess of four billion people. Interbasin Water Transfer (IBWT) is an established method for increasing water supply by transferring excess water from one catchment to another, water-scarce catchment. The implementation of IBWT peaked in the 1980s and was accompanied by a robust academic debate of its impacts. A recent resurgence in the popularity of IBWT, and particularly the promotion of mega-scale schemes, warrants revisiting this technology. This paper provides an updated review, building on previously published work, but also incorporates learning from schemes developed since the 1980s. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of schemes and their drivers, review the arguments for and against the implementation of IBWT schemes and examine conceptual models for assessing IBWT schemes. Our analysis suggests that IBWT is growing in popularity as a supply-side solution for water scarcity and is likely to represent a key tool for water managers into the future. However, we argue that IBWT cannot continue to be delivered through current approaches, which prioritise water-centric policies and practices at the expense of social and environmental concerns. We critically examine the Socio-Ecological Systems and Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus models as new conceptual models for conceptualising and assessing IBWT. We conclude that neither model offers a comprehensive solution. Instead, we propose an enhanced WEF model (eWEF) to facilitate a more holistic assessment of how these mega-scale engineering interventions are integrated into water management strategies. The proposed model will help water managers, decision-makers, IBWT funders and communities create more sustainable IBWT schemes.

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“…The so-called 'water transfer project' means 'to divert, regulate, and supply water from water rich areas to water deficient areas', to realize the optimal allocation of water resources. The water transfer project is a large-scale series system with long engineering routes [10], often crossing different basins and river systems, passing through different climate zones and water receiving areas [11,12]. The project climate and underlying surface conditions are complex and diverse, and there are many uncertainties and risk factors, among which flood control risk is one of the main risks affecting the safe operation of the large-scale water transfer project [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Control Risk Identification and Quantitative Assessment of a Large-Scale Water Transfer Project

Gang

Ren

et al. 2021

Water

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Flood control risk is one of the main risks affecting the safe operation of large-scale water transfer projects. Systematically identifying the flood control risk in the project and carrying out risk classification and hierarchical management are problems for project managers. Based on the theory of system and risk assessment, this paper starts with the various risk sources and risk events involved in the whole process of the flood disaster chain, the risk of flood disaster factors, the exposure of the disaster-bearing body, and the vulnerability of the disaster-originating environment are combined. Then, we systematically and comprehensively identify the flood control risks of a large-scale water transfer project, which are divided into four types of risk elements: rainfall–runoff; confluence and flow capacity; the geological characteristics of canal section; economic and social layouts. Specific risk factors are identified for each type of risk element, and a flood control risk evaluation index system for a water transfer project is proposed. According to the framework of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a quantitative assessment of comprehensive flood control for water transfer projects is carried out. Taking the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China as an example, this paper evaluates the integrated flood control risks of 39 engineering units, identifies six units with higher risk levels, analyzes the causes, and suggests engineering and non-engineering countermeasures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of risk accidents. This method is not only used for comprehensive flood control risk assessment and risk management in the operation and management stage of the large-scale inter-basin water transfer project, but also has a reference value in considering the optimal layout of the project water transmission line from the perspective of flood control in the planning and design stage.

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Influences of the south–to-north water diversion project and virtual water flows on regional water resources considering both water quantity and quality

Cited by 50 publications

References 64 publications

Estimating the Impact of Ecological Migrants on the South-to-North Water Diversion in China

Estimating the Impact of Ecological Migrants on the South-to-North Water Diversion in China

Interbasin water transfer in a changing world: A new conceptual model

Flood Control Risk Identification and Quantitative Assessment of a Large-Scale Water Transfer Project

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