Influences of the process parameter and thermal cycles on the quality of 308L stainless steel walls produced by additive manufacturing utilizing an arc welding source

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of the deposition speed and thermal cycles in gas-metal arc-welding (GMAW) additive manufacturing on the quality of as-built 308L stainless steel thin walls were investigated. The results exhibit that the deposition speed and thermal cycles play a crucial role in the quality of produced parts. An increase in deposition speed results in an improvement in the surface waviness. The surface waviness (Sa) decreases from 286 to 138 µm as the deposition speed increases from 0.2 to 0.4 m/min. On the other hand, the growth of microstructures in the walls fabricated with different deposition speeds shows a similar trend. The microstructure of as-built 308L-stainless-steel walls consists of dominant columnar/equiaxed dendrites of austenite and small amount of ferrite remaining in grain boundaries. The deposition speed mainly influences the grain size in microstructures. In the middle part of the walls, an augmentation in the deposition speed leads to a decrease of the secondary dendrite arm spacing, which results in an enhancement in mechanical properties of the walls. The microhardness and ultimate tensile strength increase from 153 ± 7.16 to 164 ± 8.96 HV0.1 and from 483 ± 4.24 to 518 ± 2.83 MPa, respectively, when the deposition speed increases from 0.2 to 0.4 m/min.

Performance evaluation of interfacial characteristics between cold metal transfer-wire arc additive manufactured SS308LSi and wrought SS304L with controlled and uncontrolled interlayer temperature

“…Due to the CMT process' ability to reduce heat input during deposition, the hardness values in this are higher than those in the other studies. 36 It is also observed that the hardness values fluctuate from one layer to another due to local variations in material properties caused by the deposition process. In Figure 10(a), it is also revealed that the microhardness values along each layer are higher at the bottom region than at the top region, which is due to finer grain structure at the lower region compared to the upper region.…”

“…The study findings are comparable to those reported in earlier scientific publications. [20][21][22][23] Surface waviness for the CIT deposition wall is higher since their area surface roughness values are higher than those for the UIT-deposited wall. UIT deposition increases atomic kinetic energy, enhancing the molten liquid's wettability and spreading.…”

Microcosmic mechanism of performance enhancement of wire arc additive manufactured Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy based on heat treatment

“…Due to the flexibility of robot arm and experimental platform structure design, the size of the deposit is generally not limited by the structure of the equipment itself, which has an advantage in manufacturing large metal deposits [4][5][6]. Moreover, among various additive manufacturing technologies, WAAM process has high material deposition and material utilisation rates, as well as relatively low production and low costs of device investment, thus attracting extensive attention from scholars [7,8].…”

Optimization of Weld Parameters in Wire and Arc-Based Directed Energy Deposition of High Strength Low Alloy Steels

“…1(b)). The nozzle in the WADED is a welding torch, and the wire feeding method depends on the used welding source, for example, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), plasma arc welding (PAW), and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) [8]. Compared to other metal AM technologies, WADED has a superior rate of material deposition (from 3 to 8 kg/h), high efficiency of material utilization, low costs of investing systems and devices, and easy implementation [9].…”