Influences of scanning speed and short-time heat treatment on fundamental properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by EBM method

Morita, Tatsuro; Tsuda, Chika; Nakano, Takayoshi

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.08.020

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The images of microstructure of EBM-fabricated Ti-55511 alloy (Figures 11 and 12) show the microstructure similar to that shown in Figure 10(c). Comparison of the typical heat treatment for β and near- β titanium alloys and EBM process suggests that during EBM process the specimens solidify and are cooled down to about 600°C-650°C and then are held at this temperature for about 2-10 hours, depending on the time of the fabrication process [33]. The final stage of EBM process is cooling down of the entire platform (with the fabricated specimens and sintered powder).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of EBM Process Parameters on Porosity and Microstructure of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloy

et al. 2019

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In this article, the authors discuss the results of studies into the processing of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe near-β titanium alloy (Ti-55511) by electron beam melting (EBM), an additive manufacturing technique. Due to its high flexibility in shaping mechanical properties, Ti-55511 alloy is commonly used in aircraft components such as landing gear or airframes. In this study, Ti-55511 powder was used and its properties were described as regards chemical composition and particle size distribution in order to assess its suitability for EBM processing and repeatability of results. 20 sets of processing parameters were tested in the energy input range between 10 J/mm3 and 50 J/mm3 (cathode current, 4.5 mA-19.5 mA; scanning speed, 1080 mm/s–23400 mm/s). Four types of top surfaces were obtained, namely, flat, orange peel, with single pores, and with swelling. Best results were obtained for the energy of 30 J/mm3: flat top surface and relative density in excess of 99.9%. Analysis of chemical composition showed that aluminum loss was below the specification minimum for the analyzed parameter sets. Scanning speed most significantly affected aluminum content: the lower the scanning speed, the higher the aluminum loss. Analysis of microstructures showed the dependence of lamellar α-phase volume fraction on the process parameters used. For low scanning speed, the determined α-phase volume accounted for about 78%. Higher scanning speed resulted in a decrease of the α-phase content to 61%. The dimensions of the lamellas and the amount of the α-phase strongly effected hardness results (360 HV to 430 HV).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of EBM Process Parameters on Porosity and Microstructure of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloy

et al. 2019

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“…However, they also allow for significantly lower residual stresses compared to parts produced by laser based methods such as SLM (Shipley et al , 2018). Resulting material properties have been found to be highly influenced by interdepending processing parameters such as energy density, beam power and scan speed, which is valid for both laser and electron beam melting (Everhart et al , 2016; Shipley et al , 2018; Juechter et al , 2014; Abdeen and Palmer, 2016; Al-Bermani et al , 2010; Facchini et al , 2009; Morita et al , 2017; Puebla et al , 2012; Scharowsky et al , 2017). An independence of mechanical properties from density of the resulting part has also been reported, while scan length of individual melt lines, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Beam power P beam and scan speed v scan were varied between 20 and 3000 W and 0.2 and 52.5 m s −1 , respectively. In literature, the values reported for generation of good samples ranged from 300 to 1600 W at 0.8 to 20 m s −1 on Arcam S12 (Al-Bermani et al , 2010; Scharowsky et al , 2017; Morita et al , 2017), Arcam A2 (Abdeen and Palmer, 2016; Puebla et al , 2012) and Arcam A2x machines (Kirchner et al , 2015). The scan line spacing h s was set to 100, 50 and 20 µm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing windows for Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by selective electron beam melting with improved beam focus and different scan line spacings

Pobel¹,

Osmanlic²,

Lodes³

et al. 2019

RPJ

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Purpose Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is a highly versatile powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method. SEBM is characterized by high energy densities which can be applied with nearly inertia free beam deflection at high speeds (<8.000 m/s). This paper aims to determine processing maps for Ti-6Al-4V on an Arcam Q10 machine with LaB6 cathode design. Design/methodology/approach Scan line spacings of 100, 50 and 20 µm in a broad parameter range, focusing on high deflection and build speeds are investigated. Findings There are broad processing windows for dense parts without surface flaws for all scan line spacings which are defined by the total energy input and the area melting velocity. Originality/value The differences and limitations are discussed taking into account the beam properties at high beam energy and velocity as well as evaporation related loss of alloying components.

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“…In order to have a better understanding of the effects caused by distinct post-treatments on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components, the authors of the current work agglomerated distinct information from diverse scientific reports related to YS, UTS, and elongation at break (ε), which can be analyzed in Table 3. Similarly, several authors [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] also studied the heat treatment effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V components. For instance, Benzing et al [92] demonstrated the efficiency of a novel HIP treatment strategy employed to EBMed specimens.…”

Section: Heat Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Heat Treatments on Improving the Quality and Residual Stresses of the Ti–6Al–4V Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Teixeira

Silva

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) can be seen as a disruptive process that builds complex components layer upon layer. Two of its distinct technologies are Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), which are powder bed fusion processes that create metallic parts with the aid of a beam source. One of the most studied and manufactured superalloys in metal AM is the Ti–6Al–4V, which can be applied in the aerospace field due to its low density and high melting point, and in the biomedical area owing to its high corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility when in contact with tissues or bones of the human body. The research novelty of this work is the aggregation of all kinds of data from the last 20 years of investigation about Ti–6Al–4V parts manufactured via SLM and EBM, namely information related to residual stresses (RS), as well as the influence played by different heat treatments in reducing porosity and increasing mechanical properties. Throughout the report, it can be seen that the expected microstructure of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy is different in both manufacturing processes, mainly due to the distinct cooling rates. However, heat treatments can modify the microstructure, reduce RS, and increase the ductility, fatigue life, and hardness of the components. Furthermore, distinct post-treatments can induce compressive RS on the part’s surface, consequently enhancing the fatigue life.

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Influences of scanning speed and short-time heat treatment on fundamental properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by EBM method

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

The Effect of EBM Process Parameters on Porosity and Microstructure of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloy

The Effect of EBM Process Parameters on Porosity and Microstructure of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloy

Processing windows for Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by selective electron beam melting with improved beam focus and different scan line spacings

A Review of Heat Treatments on Improving the Quality and Residual Stresses of the Ti–6Al–4V Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing

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