Influences of printing parameters on mechanical properties of recycled PET and PETG using fused granular fabrication technique

Nguyen, Phan Quoc Khang; Panta, Jojibabu; Famakinwa, Tosin; Yang, Richard (Chunhui); Ahmed, Aziz; Stapleton, Michael; Sassaman, Doug; Snabes, Samantha; Craff, Charlotte

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108390

Polymer Testing

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108390

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Influences of printing parameters on mechanical properties of recycled PET and PETG using fused granular fabrication technique

Phan Quoc Khang Nguyen,

Jojibabu Panta,

Tosin Famakinwa

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

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Effects of key process parameters on tensile properties and interlayer bonding behavior of 3D printed PLA using fused filament fabrication

Gajjar,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Prog Addit Manuf

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Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), is one of the innovative 3D printing technologies for fabricating complex components and products. Mechanical properties of 3D-printed components mostly depend on intricate process parameters of 3D printing. This study experimentally investigates the effects of four key process parameters, including layer thickness, raster angle, feed rate, and nozzle temperature, on the tensile properties and interfacial bonding behaviours of FFF printed Polylactic Acid (PLA), and their failure mechanisms. The effect of the key parameters on surface roughness is also evaluated, which is critical for enhancing manufacturing and material performance, expecting to provide a potential guide for optimisation of the FFF printing process for improving product quality. The experimental results demonstrate that tensile strength improves up to 10 and 7% with increasing nozzle temperature (200 °C to 220 °C) and low feed rate (60 mm/sec to 40 mm/sec) during the 3D printing process. The tensile strength increases up to 12% with decreasing layer thickness (0.4 mm to 0.2 mm) and 40% with decreasing raster angle (90° to 0°). The experimental findings on surface roughness indicate that FFF-printed PLA samples were significantly influenced by the layer thickness and raster angle, and an improvement in surface roughness is observed with the increase of nozzle temperature and reduction in feed rate. Microstructural SEM analysis was conducted to investigate the ruptured surfaces of the FFF printed PLA samples, focusing on the interlayer bonding quality and morphological characteristics including the effect of void formation, poor adhesion, and insufficient fusion between adjacent surface contact area with the effect of printing parameters. The feed rate and nozzle temperature were found to substantially influence the interlayer bonding between two adjacent surfaces.

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Effects of key process parameters on tensile properties and interlayer bonding behavior of 3D printed PLA using fused filament fabrication

Gajjar,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Prog Addit Manuf

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Study on material behaviours of additively manufactured high-impact polystyrene using artificial neural networks

Nguyen,

Zohdi,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Prog Addit Manuf

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Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a process parameters-dependent manufacturing method, currently dominates the additive manufacturing (AM) sector because of its prominent ability to produce parts with intricate profiles, customise products, and minimise waste. Though the effects of FFF process parameters were investigated experimentally, recent research highlighted the importance of developing numerical modelling and computational methods on optimising the FFF printing process and FFF-printed materials. This study aims to investigate the tensile strength (TS) of FFF-printed high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) via devising a systematic testing and analysis framework, which combines experimental testing, representative volume element (RVE)-finite element method (FEM), rule of mixture (ROM), and artificial neural networks (ANN). HIPS samples are fabricated using FFF considering the variations of infill density, layer thickness, nozzle temperature, raster angle, and build orientation, and tested with standard tensile testing. The rule of mixtures (ROM) and its modified version (MROM) are employed to calculate the TS of longitudinally and transversely built samples at various infill densities, respectively, while an ANN model is constructed to investigate the effect of material anisotropy precisely. The optimal ANN architecture is built with five hidden layers with the number of neurons in each layer as 44, 82, 169, 362, and 50. Although both MROM and ANN perform well on the validation set, ANN exhibits superior accuracy with only a maximum error of 0.13% for training set and 11% for validation set. The combination of the RVE-FEM, MROM, and ANN approaches can significantly improve the FFF printing process of polymers for optimisation.

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Photo-thermal staged-responsive shape memory polymers prepared by fused granular fabrication 4D printing

Mao,

Ma,

Deng

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Influences of printing parameters on mechanical properties of recycled PET and PETG using fused granular fabrication technique

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of key process parameters on tensile properties and interlayer bonding behavior of 3D printed PLA using fused filament fabrication

Effects of key process parameters on tensile properties and interlayer bonding behavior of 3D printed PLA using fused filament fabrication

Study on material behaviours of additively manufactured high-impact polystyrene using artificial neural networks

Photo-thermal staged-responsive shape memory polymers prepared by fused granular fabrication 4D printing

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