Influences of Mental Illness, Current Psychological State, and Concussion History on Baseline Concussion Assessment Performance

Weber, Melanie; Dean, John-Henry L; Hoffman, Nicole L.; Broglio, Steven P.; McCrea, Michael; McAllister, Thomas W.; Schmidt, Julianne D.; Hoy, April; Hazzard, Joseph B; Kelly, Louise A.; Ortega, Justus D.; Port, Nicholas; Putukian, Margot; Langford, T Dianne; Tierney, Ryan; Campbell, Darren E.; McGinty, Gerald; O’Donnell, Patrick; Svoboda, Steven J.; DiFiori, John P.; Giza, Christopher C.; Benjamin, Holly J.; Buckley, Thomas A.; Kaminski, Thomas W.; Clugston, James R.; Feigenbaum, Luis A.; Eckner, James T.; Guskiewicz, Kevin M.; Mihalik, Jason P.; Miles, Jessica Dysart; Anderson, Scott; Master, Christina L.; Collins, Michael James; Kontos, Anthony P.; Bazarian, Jeffrey J.; Chrisman, Sara P D; Brooks, Allison; Duma, Stefan M.; Bullers, Christopher Todd; Miles, Christopher M.; Dykhuizen, Brian H

doi:10.1177/0363546518765145

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…In addition, somatization may increase preinjury symptom reporting. 26 However, unlike us, all previous researchers 7,9,10 who explored symptom factors in healthy athletes at baseline demonstrated a somatic symptom factor. The exclusion of numbness or tingling from the SCAT symptom inventory, as well as the combination of nausea and vomiting, may have contributed to these results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

Anderson

Petit

Bretzin

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Previous researchers have examined factor structures for common concussion symptom inventories. However, they failed to discriminate between the acute (<72 hours) and subacute (3 days–3 months) periods after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is an acute assessment that, when compared with other concussion symptom inventories, includes or excludes symptoms that may result in different symptom factors. Objective The primary purpose was to investigate the symptom factor structure of the 22-item SCAT symptom inventory in healthy, uninjured and acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose was to document the frequency of the unique SCAT symptom inventory items. Design Case series. Setting High school and college. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1334 healthy, uninjured and 200 acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Healthy, uninjured participants completed the SCAT symptom inventory at a single assessment. Participants in the acutely concussed sample completed the SCAT symptom inventory within 72 hours after concussion. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) using a principal component analysis and varimax extraction method were conducted. Results A 3-factor solution accounted for 48.1% of the total variance for the healthy, uninjured sample: cognitive-fatigue (eg, feeling “in a fog” and “don't feel right”), migraine (eg, neck pain and headache), and affective (eg, more emotional and sadness) symptom factors. A 3-factor solution accounted for 55.0% of the variance for the acutely concussed sample: migraine-fatigue (eg, headache and “pressure in the head”), affective (eg, sadness and more emotional), and cognitive-ocular (eg, difficulty remembering and balance problems) symptom factors. Conclusions The inclusion of unique SCAT symptom inventory items did not alter the symptom factor structure for the healthy, uninjured sample. For the acutely concussed sample, all but 1 unique SCAT symptom inventory item (neck pain) loaded onto a factor.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

Anderson

Petit

Bretzin

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, somatization may increase preinjury symptom reporting. 26 However, unlike our results, all previous researchers 7,9,10 who explored symptom factors in healthy athletes at baseline demonstrated a somatic symptom factor. The exclusion of numbness or tingling from the SCAT symptom inventory, as well as the combination of nausea and vomiting, may have contributed to these results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

Anderson

Petit

Bretzin

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context Previous researchers have examined factor structures for common concussion symptom inventories. However, they failed to discriminate between the acute (<72 hours) and subacute (3 days–3 months) periods after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is an acute assessment that, when compared with other concussion symptom inventories, includes or excludes symptoms that may result in different symptom factors. Objective The primary purpose was to investigate the symptom factor structure of the 22-item SCAT symptom inventory in healthy, uninjured and acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose was to document the frequency of the unique SCAT symptom inventory items. Design Case series. Setting High school and college. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1334 healthy, uninjured and 200 acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Healthy, uninjured participants completed the SCAT symptom inventory at a single assessment. Participants in the acutely concussed sample completed the SCAT symptom inventory within 72 hours after concussion. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) using a principal component analysis and varimax extraction method were conducted. Results A 3-factor solution accounted for 48.1% of the total variance for the healthy, uninjured sample: cognitive fatigue (eg, feeling “in a fog” and “don't feel right”), migraine (eg, neck pain and headache), and affective (eg, more emotional and sadness) symptom factors. A 3-factor solution accounted for 55.0% of the variance for the acutely concussed sample: migraine fatigue (eg, headache and “pressure in the head”), affective (eg, sadness and more emotional), and cognitive ocular (eg, difficulty remembering and balance problems) symptom factors. Conclusions The inclusion of unique SCAT symptom inventory items did not alter the symptom factor structure for the healthy, uninjured sample. For the acute concussed sample, all but 1 unique SCAT symptom inventory item (neck pain) loaded onto a factor.

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“…Ten articles measured anxiety by gender 3 31 33–40. Overall, female athletes reported higher anxiety scores compared with male athletes ( d =0.38, p<0.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo identify and quantify determinants of anxiety symptoms and disorders experienced by elite athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesFive online databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane) were searched up to November 2018 to identify eligible citations.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesArticles were included if they were published in English, were quantitative studies and measured a symptom-level anxiety outcome in competing or retired athletes at the professional (including professional youth), Olympic or collegiate/university levels.Results and summaryWe screened 1163 articles; 61 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 of them were suitable for meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias for included studies was low. Athletes and non-athletes had no differences in anxiety profiles (d=−0.11, p=0.28). Pooled effect sizes, demonstrating moderate effects, were identified for (1) career dissatisfaction (d=0.45; higher anxiety in dissatisfied athletes), (2) gender (d=0.38; higher anxiety in female athletes), (3) age (d=−0.34; higher anxiety for younger athletes) and (4) musculoskeletal injury (d=0.31; higher anxiety for injured athletes). A small pooled effect was found for recent adverse life events (d=0.26)—higher anxiety in athletes who had experienced one or more recent adverse life events.ConclusionDeterminants of anxiety in elite populations broadly reflect those experienced by the general population. Clinicians should be aware of these general and athlete-specific determinants of anxiety among elite athletes.

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Influences of Mental Illness, Current Psychological State, and Concussion History on Baseline Concussion Assessment Performance

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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