Influences of Long-Term Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Age-Related Telomere Shortening in Rats

Semeraro, Maria Donatella; Almer, Gunter; Renner, Wilfried; Gruber, Hans-Jürgen; Herrmann, Markus

doi:10.3390/cells11101605

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Although there was no change in capillary density, the number of small arteries increased in response to exercise suggesting improved myocardial vascularization (Figure 6C). This concept is substantiated by an increase in RTL, Terf-1, and Terf-2 expression in the aortic tissue of exercising animals (56). While moderate exercise has only mild cardiac effects, intensive exercise seems to induce cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation in SD rats (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The impact of moderate endurance exercise on cardiac telomeres and cardiovascular remodeling in obese rats

Semeraro

Beltrami²,

Kharrat³

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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IntroductionHypercaloric nutrition and physical inactivity cause obesity, a potential driver of myocardial apoptosis and senescence that may accelerate cardiac aging. Although physical activity reduces mortality, its impact on myocardial aging is insufficiently understood. Here we investigated the effects of a hypercaloric high-fat diet (HFD) and regular exercise training on cardiac cells telomeres and histomorphometric indices of cardiac aging.MethodsNinety-six 4-months old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 10 months normal (ND) or a HFD diet. Half of the animals in each group performed 30 min treadmill-running sessions on 5 consecutive days per week. At study end, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA), interstitial collagen content, vascular density, apoptotic and senescent cells, relative telomere length (RTL), and expression of telomerase-reverse transcriptase (Tert) as marker of telomere-related senescence and apoptosis were analyzed.ResultsCompared to ND, the HFD group developed obesity, higher CSA, lower capillary density and tended to have more apoptotic cardiomyocytes and interstitials cells. Myocardial RTL and the expression of Terf-1 and Terf-2 were comparable in sedentary HFD and ND animals. In the HFD group, regular moderate endurance exercise improved myocardial vascularization, but had no effect on CSA or apoptosis. Notably, the combination of exercise and HFD increased senescence when compared to sedentary ND or HFD, and reduced RTL when compared to exercise ND animals. Exercising HFD animals also showed a trend toward higher Tert expression compared to all other groups. In addition, exercise reduced Terf-1 expression regardless of diet.ConclusionHFD-induced obesity showed no effects on myocardial telomeres and induced only mild morphologic alterations. Summarized, long-term moderate endurance exercise partially reverses HFD-induced effects but may even trigger cardiac remodeling in the context of obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The impact of moderate endurance exercise on cardiac telomeres and cardiovascular remodeling in obese rats

Semeraro

Beltrami²,

Kharrat³

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Both exercise and diet, but not their combination, had a significant impact on the body weight (Table S1). A thorough characterization of the animals, including food consumption, organ weight, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress, has been published previously [42,43].…”

Section: Characterization Of Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of long-term high dietary fat intake and regular exercise on serum TMAO and microbiome composition in female rats

Almer

Semeraro

Meinitzer

et al. 2023

NHA

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BACKGROUD: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) represents a gut metabolite and it's physiological concentration is proposed to be influenced by the abundance of precursor trimethylamine (TMA)-producing microbiota in the gut. OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, modify the microbiome, but their long-term impact on plasma TMAO and TMA production in the gut is poorly understood. METHODS: Fecal microbiome composition was analyzed and correlated with TMAO serum concentrations in female Sprague-Dawley rats that received either a healthy normal or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 months. Half of the animals performed regular running exercise, the other half served as sedentary controls. RESULTS: HFD consumption induced an alteration of the fecal microbiome with increased alpha diversity on ASV levels. More importantly, HFD reduced the abundance of genera containing potential TMA producers, such as certain members of Clostridia and Lachnospiraceae. In line with this observation, serum TMAO concentrations were found to be lower with HFD and to correlate with the abundance of these genera. Regular exercise also induced changes in microbiome beta diversity but had no effect on serum TMAO in female rats. CONCLUSION: A diet containing high amounts of dietary fat reduced serum TMAO, probably through a reduced intestinal abundance of TMA-producing bacteria. In contrast, regular exercise altered beta diversity of the microbiome composition, but without significant effects on serum TMAO concentrations.

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“…In animal studies, recent research on telomerase-deficient mice revealed that groups fed with a long-term n-3 PUFA-enriched diet (between 10–24 months) showed lower telomere attrition compared to the control group [40,41 ▪ ]. However, a study conducted on female Sprague Dawley rats showed no modification in telomere length or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression in several tissues upon following a HFD rich in saturated fats [42]. Overall, while saturated fats intake seem to have deleterious effects on telomere length, n-3 PUFA consumption has been associated with reduce telomere attrition in both human and animal studies.…”

Section: Link Between Dietary Fat Telomere Length and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fat, telomere length and cognitive function: unravelling the complex relations

Mostafa,

Gutierrez-Tordera,

Mateu-Fabregat

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Lipidology

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Purpose of review The review aims to explore the recent evidence on the associations between different dietary fat intake and cognitive function, and to understand the role of telomere length in this relationship. Recent findings Clinical and preclinical studies included in this review suggest that dietary fat intake is associated with cognitive function and telomere length. High intake of saturated fats and trans fats, commonly found in ultra-processed foods, appears to have negative effects on cognitive function and telomere length, while other dietary fats, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with improved cognitive performance and reduced telomere attrition. Controversial results related to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and its impact on cognitive function were found. Dietary fats may affect telomere length and cognition through oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Summary The current review illustrated the relationship between dietary fat and cognitive function by focusing on the role of telomere length as a potential intermediator. More future studies are required, however, in order to develop targeted interventions aimed at preserving cognitive well-being throughout life.

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Influences of Long-Term Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Age-Related Telomere Shortening in Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

The impact of moderate endurance exercise on cardiac telomeres and cardiovascular remodeling in obese rats

The impact of moderate endurance exercise on cardiac telomeres and cardiovascular remodeling in obese rats

Impact of long-term high dietary fat intake and regular exercise on serum TMAO and microbiome composition in female rats

Dietary fat, telomere length and cognitive function: unravelling the complex relations

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