Influences of Human Cognition and Visual Behavior on Password Strength during Picture Password Composition

Katsini, Christina; Fidas, Christos; Raptis, George; Belk, Marios; Samaras, George; Avouris, Nikolaos

doi:10.1145/3173574.3173661

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Imagers outperformed Verbals (Belk et al, 2013a) and field-independent individuals outperformed field-dependent individuals (Belk et al, 2017a) in login tasks when using a recognition-based GUA scheme. Katsini et al (2018b) revealed that field-independent individuals created stronger passwords when using a recall-based GUA scheme than field-dependent individuals.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, considering that the strength of the chosen graphical password is determined during password composition, it is important to investigate the effect of individual cognitive differences in the registration phase. In this regard, Katsini et al (2018b) revealed that human cognitive styles influence the graphical password choices when using a recall-based GUA scheme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the results of the study on the recall-based GUA scheme (Katsini et al, 2018b) and given that no study has been yet performed to investigate users' choices in the password composition phase of recognition-based GUA from a human cognitive perspective, in this paper we adopt such a perspective and investigate how users react to stimuli, through analysing their visual behaviour, aiming to understand how they decide on the graphical passwords they create. This will allow us to draw conclusions on the effects of cognitive styles on the strength of the created passwords, understand whether and how these are associated with the users' visual behaviour, and investigate whether this knowledge could be used to design adaptive mechanisms that would enable users to create stronger passwords.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

Katsini

Fidas

Belk

et al. 2019

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

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Graphical password composition is an important part of graphical user authentication which affects the strength of the chosen password. Considering that graphical authentication is associated with visual search, perception, and information retrieval, in this paper, we report on an eye-tracking study (N=109) that aimed to investigate the effects of users' cognitive styles towards the strength of the created passwords and shed light into whether and how the visual strategy of the users during graphical password composition is associated with the passwords' strength. For doing so, we adopted Witkin's Field Dependence-Independence theory, which underpins individual differences in visual information and cognitive processing, as graphical password composition tasks are associated with visual search. The analysis revealed that users with different cognitive processing characteristics followed different patterns of visual behavior during password composition which affected the strength of the created passwords. The findings underpin the need of considering human cognitive characteristics as a design factor in graphical password schemes. The paper concludes by discussing implications for improving recognition-based graphical passwords through adaptation and personalization techniques based on individual cognitive characteristics.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

Katsini

Fidas

Belk

et al. 2019

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

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“…To the authors' knowledge, DeCACHe is the first attempt for supporting CH designers in creating cognition-centered adaptive activities. While DeCACHe, in its current implementation, aims to support designers within the CH domain, it could be expanded to other domains, where there is evidence that cognitive characteristics have an impact on the users' experience, such as e-learning [75], gaming [76], security [77], business and management [78], and e-commerce and marketing [79]. For example, in their recent work, Katsini et al [80] revealed that individuals who are characterized as field-dependent tend to have a more limited password key-space compared to individuals who are characterized as field-independent when creating a graphical password.…”

Section: Implications Beyond the Ch Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

DeCACHe: Supporting Designers in Creating Cognition-Centered Adaptive Cultural Heritage Activities

2019

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Cultural heritage (CH) institutions attract wide and heterogeneous audiences, which should be efficiently supported and have access to meaningful CH content. This introduces numerous challenges when delivering such experiences, given that people have different cognitive characteristics which influence the way we process information, experience, behave, and acquire knowledge. Our recent studies provide evidence that human cognition should be considered as a personalization factor within CH contexts, and thus we developed a framework that delivers cognition-centered personalized CH activities. The efficiency and the efficacy of the framework have been successfully assessed through two user studies, but non-technical professionals (e.g., CH designers) may face difficulties when attempting to use it and create personalized CH activities. In this paper, we present DeCACHe, which supports CH designers in creating cognition-centered personalized CH activities throughout different phases of the design lifecycle. We also report a user study with seventeen professional CH designers, who used our tool to design CH activities for people with different cognitive characteristics.Cognition-centered personalization framework for CH content. In our recent work [13], we presented a framework that helps CH stakeholders (e.g., CH designers, CH institutions, CH educators) in providing personalized CH activities to the visitors through adaptive interventions that leverage the visitors' cognitive profiles. The framework consists of three stages: (a) the design of personalized CH activities; (b) the visitor modeling based on selected cognitive factors; and (c) the configuration and delivery of the personalized CH activity to the visitor. The first stage is performed before the visit while the other two stages are performed during the visit. Hence, through our framework, a CH designer receives personalized recommendations that would help them to create different versions of a CH activity that build on the unique cognitive profile of the potential visitors, and, then, the personalized CH activity is delivered to each visitor through rule-based techniques, which map each visitor's cognitive profile with the corresponding rules of content adaptation. The cognitive profiles are built dynamically through real-time modeling based on users' behavioral data (e.g., eye-tracking data, interaction data). The results of three user-studies [12,13] revealed that the visitors who used the cognition-adapted CH activities had an enhanced experience and an improved knowledge acquisition in comparison to the visitors who used the original CH activities. However, we should stress that the configuration of the framework required the modification of technical details that our research team was aware of, but they can be a burden for non-technical CH stakeholders, such as designers. Hence, there is a need for providing a standalone authoring-like tool for supporting CH designers in easily creating cognition-centered personalized CH activities.Tools for creating...

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“…From an end-user perspective, evidence has shown that user preference and task performance in textual and graphical passwords vary significantly depending on the user and the context of use, suggesting that any specific solution might not please everyone [14]. In particular, research has shown that users with different age [15], cognitive disabilities [16], cognitive abilities [17] prefer and perform differently in textual and graphical passwords. From the technology perspective, studies indicate that the device type, such as touch screens, hand gestures, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FlexPass

Belk

Fidas

Pitsillides

2019

Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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1 This paper presents a new user authentication paradigm which is based on a flexible user authentication method, namely FlexPass. FlexPass relies on a single, user-selected secret that can be reflected in both textual and graphical authentication secrets. Such an approach facilitates adaptability in nowadays ubiquitous user interaction contexts within the Internet of Things (IoT), in which end-users authenticate multiple times per day through a variety of interaction device types. We present an initial evaluation of the new authentication method based on an in-lab experiment with 32 participants. Analysis of results reveal that the FlexPass paradigm is memorable and that users like the adaptable perspective of the new approach. Findings are expected to scaffold the design of more user-centric knowledge-based authentication mechanisms within nowadays ubiquitous computation realms.

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Influences of Human Cognition and Visual Behavior on Password Strength during Picture Password Composition

Cited by 51 publications

References 57 publications

A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

A Human-Cognitive Perspective of Users’ Password Choices in Recognition-Based Graphical Authentication

DeCACHe: Supporting Designers in Creating Cognition-Centered Adaptive Cultural Heritage Activities

FlexPass

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