Influences of Gravity Waves on Convectively Induced Turbulence (CIT): A Review

Sharman, Robert; Trier, Stanley B.

doi:10.1007/s00024-018-1849-2

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…In WRF, TKE is subgrid-scale turbulence derived from the vertical component of the velocity and diagnosed by the planetary boundary layer scheme (Janjić 1994). In this study, turbulence intensity thresholds will be defined by Sharman and Pearson (2017) and Pearson and Sharman (2017), which are provided in Table 3. Barber et al (2018) found EDR to be an accurate indicator of turbulence in northern Great Plains convective simulations, but few tropical studies have included EDR as a turbulence metric.…”

Section: ) Subgrid-scale Eddy Dissipation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…9]. Second-order structure functions are included in the diagnostics analyzed for this case study because they have been shown in past studies to be successful for turbulence prediction (Frehlich and Sharman 2004a,b;Sharman et al 2006;Sharman and Pearson 2017;Pearson and Sharman 2017;Muñoz-Esparza et al 2018), are currently represented in GTG, and can be used to diagnose motions across various scales.…”

Section: ) Subgrid-scale Eddy Dissipation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While operational forecasting systems are trending toward finer resolutions (Smith et al 2008), turbulence scales that are affecting aircraft are not resolved in current operational numerical weather prediction models (Lane and Reeder 2001;Lane et al 2003;Trier and Sharman 2009;Lane et al 2012;Trier and Sharman 2016). To mediate the resolution dependency, many turbulence prediction products rely on empirical indices that have been designed to diagnose large-scale fields that relate to turbulent sources from numerical simulations (Endlich 1964;Brown 1973;Buldovskii et al 1976;Dutton 1980;Keller 1990; Ellrod and Knapp 1992;Bluestein 1993;Vogel and Sampson 1996;Knox 2001;Sharman et al 2006;Ellrod and Knox 2010;Sharman and Pearson 2017;Sharman and Trier 2019;Muñoz-Esparza and Sharman 2018). However, most of the indices were developed and calibrated for the midlatitudes and many do not include the sources of convectively induced turbulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of Convectively Induced Turbulence over Developing Oceanic Convection

Barber

Deierling

Mullendore

et al. 2019

Monthly Weather Review

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Convectively induced turbulence (CIT) is an aviation hazard that continues to be a forecasting challenge as operational forecast models are too coarse to resolve turbulence affecting aircraft. In particular, little is known about tropical maritime CIT. In this study, a numerical simulation of a tropical oceanic CIT case where severe turbulence was encountered by a commercial aircraft is performed. The Richardson number (Ri), subgrid-scale eddy dissipation rate (EDR), and second-order structure functions (SF) are used as diagnostics to determine which may be used for CIT related to developing and mature convection. Model-derived subgrid-scale EDR in past studies of midlatitude continental CIT was shown to be a good diagnostic of turbulence but underpredicted turbulence intensity and areal coverage in this tropical simulation. SF diagnosed turbulence with moderate to severe intensity near convection and agreed most with observations. Further, SF were used to diagnose turbulence for developing convection. Results show that the areal coverage of turbulence associated with developing convection is less than mature convection. However, the intensity of turbulence in the vicinity of developing convection is greater than the turbulence intensity in the vicinity of mature convection highlighting developing convection as an additional concern to aviation.

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Section: ) Subgrid-scale Eddy Dissipation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Subgrid-scale Eddy Dissipation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of Convectively Induced Turbulence over Developing Oceanic Convection

Barber

Deierling

Mullendore

et al. 2019

Monthly Weather Review

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“…The results discussed in this special issue are generated by research efforts conducted internationally, and include several review papers. Review papers on aviation meteorology (Gultepe et al 2019a), gravity waves and convectively-induced turbulence (Sharman and Trier 2019), lidars (Thobois et al 2019), and geostationary satellites (Ellrod and Pryor 2019), as well as supersite observations (Gultepe et al 2019b) provided extensive details for operational applications. Some of these papers were included in various international conferences, including the EGU (European Geophysical Union) aviation meteorology sessions, that took place in Vienna, Austria, during 2016-2018.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind and turbulence activities factor into the aircraft landings and takeoffs conditions (Sharman and Trier 2019). In reality, wind measurements at airports lack the needed resolution over the horizontal and vertical scales.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%