Influences of gender and weight gain on short-term relapse to smoking in a cessation trial.

Borrelli, Belinda; Spring, Bonnie; Niaura, Raymond; Hitsman, Brian; Papandonatos, George

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.3.511

Cited by 72 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Evidence suggests that older age and markers of lower cigarette dependence are predictive of success 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, although not all studies show these results 7. There is less consistent, conflicting or negative evidence on the effects of age of smoking onset 2, 3, substance use disorder 8, psychiatric disorder 6, 9, gender 4, 6, 10, geographical location 11, 12, body mass index (BMI) 2, 3, 10, 13, 14 and prior use of smoking cessation treatments 15. These covariates were assessed in the EAGLES trial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments and predictors of smoking abstinence in EAGLES

et al. 2018

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AimsTo assess (1) how far the efficacies of front‐line smoking cessation pharmacotherapies vary as a function of smoker characteristics and (2) associations between these characteristics and success of smoking cessation attempts.DesignProspective correlational study in the context of a double‐blind randomized trial. The outcome was regressed individually onto each covariate after adjusting for treatment, and then a forward stepwise model constructed. Treatment moderator effects of covariates were tested by treatment × covariate interactions.SettingHealth service facilities in multiple countries.ParticipantsData came from 8120 smokers willing to make a quit attempt, randomized to varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or placebo in Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study (EAGLES) between 30 November 2011 and 13 January 2015.MeasurementsSmoker characteristics measured at baseline were country, psychiatric history, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), ethnic group, life‐time suicidal ideation/behaviour, anxiety, depression, aggression, psychotropic medication, history of alcohol/substance use disorder, age of starting smoking, cigarette dependence [Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD)] and prior use of study medicines. Outcome was biochemically confirmed continuous abstinence at weeks 9–24 from start of treatment.FindingsNo statistically significant treatment × covariate interactions were found. Odds of success were associated independently positively with age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00, 1.01], BMI (1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.02) and age of starting smoking (1.03; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.04). Odds were associated independently negatively with US (versus non‐US) study site (0.53; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.61), black (versus white) ethnic group (0.57; 95% CI = 0.45, 0.72), mood disorder (0.85; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.99), anxiety disorder (0.71; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.90) and psychotic disorder (0.73; 95% CI = 0.50, 1.07), taking psychotropic medication (0.81; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.95), FTCD (0.89; 95% CI = 0.87, 0.92) and previous use of NRT (0.78; 95% CI = 0.67, 0.91).ConclusionsWhile a range of smoker characteristics—including psychiatric history, cigarette dependence and prior use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)—are associated with lower cessation rates, they do not substantially influence the efficacy of varenicline, bupropion or NRT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments and predictors of smoking abstinence in EAGLES

et al. 2018

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“…Only 3% to 5% of smokers who try to quit unaided achieve prolonged abstinence at 6 to 12 months (Hughes et al, 2004). Even with evidence-based smoking cessation treatments, relapse is common (Piasecki, 2006), often in response to mood changes (Shiffman and Waters, 2004), withdrawal symptoms (Piasecki et al, 2000), weight gain (Borrelli et al, 2001), and cravings (Killen and Fortmann, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity as a strategy for maintaining tobacco abstinence: A randomized trial

Prochaska

Hall

Humfleet

et al. 2008

Preventive Medicine

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Physical activity as a strategy for maintaining tobacco abstinence: a randomized trial. Objectives. For smoking cessation, physical activity (PA) may help manage withdrawal symptoms, mood, stress, and weight; yet studies of PA as an aid for smoking cessation have been mixed. This study examined: A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O(1) the impact of an extended relapse prevention program on increasing moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) in adults enrolled in a tobacco cessation treatment trial; (2) whether changes in MVPA were associated with sustained abstinence from smoking; and (3) mechanisms by which MVPA may support sustained abstinence from smoking.Methods. In a randomized controlled trial conducted from [2003][2004][2005][2006] in San Francisco, California, 407 adult smokers received a 12 week group-based smoking cessation treatment with bupropion and nicotine patch with the quit date set at week 3. At week 12, participants were randomized to no further treatment or to 40 weeks of bupropion or placebo with or without an 11-session relapse prevention intervention of which 2 sessions (held at weeks 16 and 20) focused on PA. Participants receiving the PA intervention (n = 163) received a pedometer, counseling to increase steps 10% biweekly towards a 10,000 steps/day goal, and personalized reports graphing progress with individualized goals. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed weekly minutes of MVPA at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Sustained abstinence from tobacco at week 24 was validated with expired carbon monoxide.Results. In a repeated mixed model analysis, intervention participants significantly increased their MVPA relative to control participants, F(1,475) = 3.95, p = .047. Pedometer step counts also increased significantly, t(23) = 2.36, p = .027, though only 15% of intervention participants provided 6 weeks of pedometer monitoring. Controlling for treatment condition, increased MVPA predicted sustained smoking abstinence at week 24, odds ratio = 1.84 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.05). Among participants with sustained abstinence, increased MVPA was associated with increased vigor (r = 0.23, p = .025) and decreased perceived difficulty with staying smoke-free (r = −0.21, p = .038).Conclusion. PA promotion as an adjunct to tobacco treatment increases MVPA levels; changes in MVPA predict sustained abstinence, perhaps by improving mood and self-efficacy.

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“…Postcessation weight gain tends to be greater among women (Williamson et al, 1991;Borrelli et al, 2001), younger age groups (Froom et al, 1999) and deprived populations (Swan and Carmelli, 1995). However, the picture is ambiguous for predictors of post-cessation weight gain, such as body mass index at the time of entry to smoking cessation programmes, degree of addiction and participant motivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Getting beyond outcomes: a realist approach to help understand the impact of a nutritional intervention during smoking cessation

et al. 2009

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Objectives: This paper discusses the benefits that a 'realist' approach can bring to an outcome study using the example of a nutritional intervention offered as an adjunct to the existing smoking cessation programmes to limit post-cessation weight gain. Subjects and setting: Participants of a smoking cessation programme in areas of deprivation in the north, south and west of Glasgow. Results: A realist approach enabled the development of a framework able to investigate both implementation and outcomes of the intervention. Drawing on theoretical and experiential knowledge, context-mechanism-outcome hypotheses were developed for further testing at later stages of evaluation. This will focus the further stages of evaluation on testing these specific hypotheses using outcome data collected at the end of the intervention. Conclusion: Adopting such an evaluation approach enables integration of process and outcome data that will refine our understanding of contexts and mechanisms, which are associated with these behavioural changes. It can aid further policy decisions by identifying the type of participant and circumstances that are associated with positive outcomes and those subgroups of participants that can be targeted more effectively using other approaches.

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Influences of gender and weight gain on short-term relapse to smoking in a cessation trial.

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Factors associated with the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments and predictors of smoking abstinence in EAGLES

Factors associated with the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments and predictors of smoking abstinence in EAGLES

Physical activity as a strategy for maintaining tobacco abstinence: A randomized trial

Getting beyond outcomes: a realist approach to help understand the impact of a nutritional intervention during smoking cessation

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