Influences of Four Different Light-Emitting Diode Lights on Flowering and Polyphenol Variations in the Leaves of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)

Abstract

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an efficient alternative to traditional lamps for plant growth. To investigate the influence of LEDs on flowering and polyphenol biosynthesis in the leaves of chrysanthemum, the plants were grown under supplemental blue, green, red, and white LEDs. Flower budding was formed even after a longer photoperiod than a critical day length of 13.5 h per day under blue light illumination. The weights of leaves and stems were highest under the white light illumination growth condition, whereas the weight of roots appeared to be independent of light quality. Among nine polyphenols characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy, three polyphenols were identified for the first time in chrysanthemum. A quantitation and principal component analysis biplot demonstrated that luteolin-7-O-glucoside (2), luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (3), and quercetagetin-trimethyl ether (8) were the highest polyphenols yielded under green light, and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (4), dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (5), naringenin (7), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (6) were greatest under red light. Chlorogenic acid (1) and 1,2,6-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (9) were produced in similar concentrations under both light types. The white and blue light appeared inefficient for polyphenol production. Taken together, our results suggest that the chrysanthemum flowering and polyphenol production are influenced by light quality composition.

Accumulation of Phenylpropanoids by White, Blue, and Red Light Irradiation and Their Organ-Specific Distribution in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)

“…For example, blue light irradiation was effective in increasing polyphenol contents in lettuce 7 and in inducing production of rutin and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside in buckwheat, 10 whereas in chrysanthemum, blue light had lower efficiency than red light in enhancing polyphenol contents. 8 In studies of irradiation by different light combinations, whereas supplemental red light irradiation led to an increase in phenolic concentrations in baby leaf lettuce, 11 irradiation by red, green, and blue light in combination was more effective for rutin accumulation in buckwheat sprouts than either all blue, or red, blue, and far-red combinations. 9 These results reveal that light irradiation using LEDs is an effective method for inducing the production of phenolic compounds, although its effects varied among crop species.…”

Growth and antioxidant phenolic compounds in cherry tomato seedlings grown under monochromatic light-emitting diodes

“…Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a next generation lighting source applied in closed-type plant production systems because their characteristics such as close illumination of plants, small size, and ability to manipulate light quality (Massa et al, 2008). Recent studies related to LEDs have been popular research themes in the production of horticultural crops due to these characteristics (Jeong et al, 2012;Matsuda et al, 2004;Son and Oh, 2013). However, most of the studies have focused on leafy vegetable, and it is difficult to make a profit from the production of the vegetables in these systems resulting in the delay of commercializing plant factories.…”

Mistletoe Berry Outline Mapping with a Path Curve Function and Recording the Circadian Rhythm of Their Phenotypic Shape Change

“…LEDs are a good alternative to other light sources (Jeong et al, 2012). They produce almost no warmth and only moderate electric and magnetic fields.…”

“…For instance, do the LED flashlights (Jeong et al, 2012) or the electromagnetic fields around the berries (arising from the camera, the light and the “trigger-finger”) influence or distort the biological object? And if so, how severe is the influence and/or is it negligible?…”