Influences of fabric density on mechanical and moulding behaviours of 3D warp interlock para-aramid fabrics for soft body armour application

Abtew, Mulat Alubel; Boussu, François; Bruniaux, Pascal; Loghin, Carmen; Cristian, Irina; Chen, Yan; Wang, Lichuan

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.101

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, the maximum and minimum absorbed energy capabilities (%) of 3D-40-8B:4S was recorded as 98.1% and 92.6% in target shot point 4 and 5 respectively. Even though 3D warp interlock fabric shows good molding ability [31,45], the energy capability of the 3D-40-8B:4S was reduced in the molded area (shot 5). This is due to its low molding recovery behaviors which in turn minimize the fabric thickness along tensioning of fibers on the specific molded area.…”

Section: Normalizations Of Energy Absorption Capabilities Of 3d Warp mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, 3D woven fabrics, particularly 3D warp interlock has become the most promising fabric structure to perform in various technical applications including female soft body armor development due to its excellent molding capability [31][32][33]. In general, molding behavior is one of the most important material behaviors to develop the three-dimensional components of seamless female soft body armor [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researches have also investigated the molding characteristics of 3D warp interlock fabrics and its capability of shaping deep dome designs without cutting due to its specific characteristics including extraordinary molding properties [35][36][37]. One of our researches has also investigated the molding behaviors and its recoveries of 3D warp interlock fabrics and compared with 2D plain weave fabrics for female seamless soft body armor development [31]. Based on the result, 2D plain weave fabric shows higher punching loads to deform the specific deformational depth, higher drawing-in values and its recovery in all directions as compared to its counterpart 3D warp interlock fabrics preform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

et al. 2020

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This paper investigates the effects of warp yarns ratios on the ballistic performances of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock variants with different binding and stuffer warp yarns ratios were designed and developed. Except for warp yarns ratios, similar fabric parameters and manufacturing conditions were considered. Two-dimensional (2D) woven fabric having similar material characteristics and recommended for female seamless soft body armor are also considered for comparisons. Five ballistic panels, one from 2D plain weave fabric and the rest four from the other 3D warp interlock variants were prepared in a non-angled layer alignment and non-stitched but bust-shaped molded form. The ballistic test is carried out according to NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard-level IIIA. Back Face Signature (BFS) was then modeled and measured to compute both trauma and panels’ energy-absorbing capability. The result showed significant ballistic improvement in the 3D warp interlock variant with optimum warp yarns ratios over traditional 2D plain weave fabrics. 3D warp interlock fabric panel made with 66.6% binding and 33.3% stuffer warp yarn ratio revealed both lower BFS depth and higher energy absorbing capacity (%) than other panels made of 2D plain weave and 3D warp interlock fabric variants.

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Section: Normalizations Of Energy Absorption Capabilities Of 3d Warp mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

et al. 2020

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“…This has attracted the attention of various researchers to understand the mechanical behavior before recommending particular applications. Based on this, various researchers have been intensively investigating not only the final mechanical behavior under static or dynamic loading at the dry and composite reinforcement stages, but also the influence of various factors, including fabric type, fabric architecture, fiber type, yarn density, and weave parameters [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Dry Three-Dimensional Warp Interlock Para-Aramid Woven Fabrics: Experimental Methods toward Applications in Composite Reinforcement and Soft Body Armor

et al. 2020

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Recently, three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabric has been involved in composite reinforcement and soft ballistic material due to its great moldability, improved impact energy-absorbing capacity, and good intra-ply resistance to delamination behaviors. However, understanding the effects of different parameters of the fabric on its mechanical behavior is necessary before the final application. The fabric architecture and its internal yarn composition are among the common influencing parameters. The current research aims to explore the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratio in the 3D warp interlock para-aramid architecture on its mechanical behavior. Thus, four 3D warp interlock variants with different warp (binding and stuffer) yarn ratios but similar architecture and structural characteristics were engineered and manufactured. Tensile and flexural rigidity mechanical tests were carried out at macro- and meso-scale according to standard EN ISO 13 934-1 and nonwoven bending length (WSP 90.5(05)), respectively. Based on the results, the warp yarn interchange ratio in the structure revealed strong influences on the tensile properties of the fabric at both the yarn and final fabric stages. Moreover, the bending stiffness of the different structures showed significant variation in both the warp and weft directions. Thus, the interchange rations of stuffer and binding warp yarn inside the 3D warp interlock fabric were found to be very key in optimizing the mechanical performance of the fabric for final applications.

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“…Many parameters are involved in determining the tensile properties of the 3DWIFs. From the review of the previous studies, the effects on tensile mechanical properties were studied from the following aspects; the materials used [1,17], the structures [18], the weaving parameters [16,[19][20][21], etc. However, the effect of architecture on the tensile properties of dry 3DWIFs is still not clearly known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fabric Architecture on Tensile Behaviour of the High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene 3-Dimensional Interlock Composite Reinforcements

Wang

Boussu

et al. 2020

Polymers

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As promising fibrous reinforcements in the thick composites manufacturing, 3-dimensional warp interlock fabrics (3DWIFs) are recognised more and more in the industry for their outstanding mechanical properties compared to the 2D laminates. The present work shows the influence of the fabric’s architecture on the tensile behaviour of 3DWIFs. Five kinds of 3D fabrics with different interlock structures have been designed according to the main category of binding warp yarn evolution. These five 3DWIFs, containing both binding and stuffer warp yarns and produced with the same warp and weft densities, are experimentally tested via uniaxial tensile tests. The experimental results of the different 3DWIFs have been compared to find the optimal solution based on several mechanical performances. Fabric structures have an impact on tensile properties both in the warp and weft directions. Furthermore, other influential factors, for example, the yarn crimps during the weaving process and the crimp angles of binding warp yarns in 3DWIFs, are investigated and discussed in the paper. The influence of the total crimp angles related to the binding path on the tensile properties of 3DWIFs via the inter yarns friction is summarised.

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Influences of fabric density on mechanical and moulding behaviours of 3D warp interlock para-aramid fabrics for soft body armour application

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Dry Three-Dimensional Warp Interlock Para-Aramid Woven Fabrics: Experimental Methods toward Applications in Composite Reinforcement and Soft Body Armor

Effect of Fabric Architecture on Tensile Behaviour of the High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene 3-Dimensional Interlock Composite Reinforcements

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