Influences of Depulping, Pod Storage and Fermentation Time on Fermentation Dynamics and Quality of Ghanaian Cocoa

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of the depulping of cocoa beans after pod opening, as well as the influences of pod storage (PS) and fermentation time on the fermentation dynamics and the overall quality of beans and liquors made thereof. Twelve variations were conducted in three experimental runs (with/without depulping; 1-/3-day PS; and fermentation times of 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 days). Fermentation dynamics (e.g., temperature and pH) and the quality of dried beans (e.g., cut-test and fermentation index) and liquors (sensory assessment, quantification of cocoa key-odorants and tastants) were investigated. It was demonstrated that 17–20% of cocoa pulp, relative to the total bean-pulp-mass weight, could be mechanically removed without negatively affecting the bean quality. No significant differences were found in the percentages of well-fermented beans after 5–6 days fermentation with 1-day PS, resulting in 49 ± 9% with, and 48 ± 12% without depulping. There were no significant differences in key tastants present in the liquors; however, significantly less volatile acids and esters were found when liquors were produced from 5–6 day-fermented depulped beans, with 1-day PS, without negatively affecting the sensory profiles. This strategy allows producers to maximize the cacao fruit’s value by integrating part of the pulp into the cocoa value chain.