Influences of Cesarean Delivery on Breastfeeding Practices and Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cheng, Chen; Yan, Yan; Gao, Xiao; Xiang, Shiting; He, Qiong; Zeng, Guangyu; Liu, Shiping; Sha, Tingting; Li, Ling

doi:10.1177/0890334417741434

Cited by 76 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge (76.5%) was comparable to what previously reported in our population (75%) [22]; moreover, it resulted higher than the national (57.2%) and regional average (67.3%) [23,24], and in line with the WHO/UNICEF Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding recommended rate of 75% [25]. The high exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge strikes even more when compared with the high cesarean section rate of our study population (44%), a known barrier to breastfeeding initiation [26]. Our cesarean section rate is consistent with data reported by the Italian National Statistics Institute, although at the upper limit of the national average [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

From Dyad To Triad: A Survey On Fathers’ Knowledge And Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding

Crippa

Consales

Morniroli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Maternal social support has a critical impact on breastfeeding outcomes. Fathers, in particular, are known to be especially influential. We aimed to explore paternal knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding, and possible association with breastfeeding rates at discharge, in a cohort of fathers from an Italian tertiary referral center for neonatal care.Methods In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled fathers of healthy term neonates born at our hospital from March to May 2019. At discharge, a self-administered structured questionnaire was proposed to fathers. Fathers were required to rate their degree of agreement to 12 items on a 5-point Likert scale. A total score was obtained from their answers. A higher score was indicative of a greater knowledge/positive attitude toward breastfeeding. Subjects’ basic characteristics and mode of feeding at discharge were collected.Results Fathers showed a generally solid knowledge of maternal (87%) and neonatal (98%) benefits of breastfeeding, skin-to-skin (99.5%), rooming-in (79%), and responsive feeding (67.5%); conversely, only 51% knew about the recommended use of pacifiers. Fathers felt personally involved in their babies' feeding in 79% of cases, regardless of the type of feeding. A positive association was found between total score and exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge (p = 0.04, OR 1.07; 95% C.I 1.002-1.152). Conclusions This study underlines the importance of including fathers in the promotion of breastfeeding, expanding the classic mother-baby dyad to a more modern mother-father-baby triad. This aspect may ultimately impact breastfeeding outcomes, although further studies are needed to confirm our results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

From Dyad To Triad: A Survey On Fathers’ Knowledge And Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding

Crippa

Consales

Morniroli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Mode of delivery is among the factors that play an important role in breastfeeding practices. C/S can negatively affect the physiology of lactation and can cause adverse events that hinder maternal contact with the neonate, resulting in intolerable post-surgical maternal pain and an increase in the level of need for intensive care required by neonates, both of which can negatively affect breastfeeding (10,14,(18)(19)(20). The present study's multivariate analysis indicates that maternal level of education, residential region and mode of delivery are significantly related to non-EIBF and that mode of delivery has a significant relationship with non-EBF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mode of delivery is among the many factors that affect breastfeeding practices. In addition, studies reporting the negative consequences of caesarean section (C/S) on the well-being and behaviour of new mothers and the physiology of lactation during the early postpartum period continue to increase in number (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). C/S is considered major abdominal surgery, and post-surgical procedures for mothers and routine procedures for newborns can delay EIBF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between caesarean section and breastfeeding: evidence from the 2013 Turkey demographic and health survey

Erbaydar

2019

Preprint

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Background The mode of delivery influences breastfeeding practices. High caesarean section and low breastfeeding rates are important public health concerns for all developing countries. This study aimed to determine the relationship between caesarean section and early breastfeeding practices among primiparas. Methods Data for primiparas with a singleton birth (n = 777) obtained from the 2013 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey were used in this retrospective cohort study. Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of delivery and exclusive breastfeeding during the first three days after delivery were evaluated. Standardized incidence rates and standardized rate ratios of non-early initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding were calculated according to mode of delivery. ResultsThe late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding incidence rates were 42.7% and 41.0%, respectively. The standardized incidence rate of late initiation of breastfeeding among women with vaginal delivery was 35.34%, versus 50.49% for those with caesarean delivery. The standardized rate ratios for late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding were 1.428 (95% CI: 1.212, 1.683) and 1.468 (95% CI: 1.236-1.762), respectively.Women that underwent caesarean section had a higher risk of late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding during the three days following delivery, after controlling for sociodemographic and delivery-related factors. Conclusions This study provides evidence useful for implementing strategies to prevent unnecessary caesarean sections, which negatively affect not only maternal health, but also neonatal health as well. Promotion of mother-friendly policies by healthcare institutions that are implemented in a baby-friendly manner are essential.

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“…Breastfeeding within the first hour post-delivery has been cited as an important predictor of continued breastfeeding [2] . A longitudinal follow-up study of women in China who had a CS delivery showed a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and any breastfeeding than those who had a vaginal delivery (3) . In addition, CS delivery was related with formula feeding in the hospital and delayed breastfeeding initiation (3) and this interferes with breastfeeding continuity (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cesarean Delivery on Child Survival and Early Breastfeeding Practices: Global Data from 103 Provinces in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Al-Jawaldeh

Abul-Fadl

2020

int.jour.sci.res.mana.

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Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) plays an important role in the reduction of infant mortality. Although Cesarean section (CS) can save lives it delays EIBF and thereby increases risk of mortality. Aim: To examine the relationship between CS and EIBF with child mortality. Methods: Data was recruited from recent demographic health surveys for 129 provinces of seven Eastern Mediterranean countries. The data was analyzed for breastfeeding initiation (EBFI) rates in the first hour and the first day, feeding prelacteals, delivery by skilled birth attendant (SBA), and delivery by CS, also neonatal mortality (NMR), infant mortality rates (IMR) and under-five mortality rates (U5MR). Statistical analysis was done using Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics. The economic cost of unnecessary CS correlated to mortality rates and EBFI. Results: Overall CS was inversely associated with EBFI in the first hour after birth (r-0.2, P=0.1), intake of prelacteals (r-0.3, P=0.008) and NMR (r-0.3, P=0.1), IMR (r-0.4, P=0.0001), and U5MR (r-0.4, P=0.0001) at P<0.05 and positively associated with EBFI in first day (r0.2, P=0.06). CS below the recommended level by WHO (<15%) was inversely associated with IMR. Moderately high CS >18% was inversely correlated with EBFI and positively correlated with intake of prelacteals, NMR and IMR. Very high CS >40 was inversely correlated with mortality at P<0.01. Unnecessary CS was significantly inversely correlated with U5MR. Conclusions: CS when unnecessary or by unskilled birth attendant, is a threat to child survival. Breastfeeding initiation, as early as possible skin-to-skin, is recommended to alleviate the outcome of CS.

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Influences of Cesarean Delivery on Breastfeeding Practices and Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract: Healthcare professionals should provide more breastfeeding skills to women who have a cesarean delivery and warn mothers about the dangers of elective cesarean section for breastfeeding practices.

Cited by 76 publications

References 27 publications

From Dyad To Triad: A Survey On Fathers’ Knowledge And Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding

From Dyad To Triad: A Survey On Fathers’ Knowledge And Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding

The relationship between caesarean section and breastfeeding: evidence from the 2013 Turkey demographic and health survey

The Effect of Cesarean Delivery on Child Survival and Early Breastfeeding Practices: Global Data from 103 Provinces in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

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