Influences of aging on thermal decomposition mechanism of high performance oxidizer ammonium dinitramide

Matsunaga, Hiroki; Habu, Hiroto; Miyake, Akira

doi:10.1007/s10973-013-3186-0

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They subsequently proposed various condensed phase combustion models [6,7]. The present authors have studied the thermal decomposition and combustion mechanisms for AN/carbon mixtures [8][9][10][11] and ammonium dinitramide [12,13] and determined that sustainable combustion is associated with exothermic decomposition of the condensed phase [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Izato

Miyake

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Raman spectra of ammonium nitrate (AN) above its melting point of 443 K and decomposition temperature of 533 K were acquired, and the thermal properties of AN were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) so as to obtain a better understanding of the condensed phase decomposition. The Raman spectra of molten AN at both 443 and 533 K exhibited a strong peak at 1043 cm -1 , assigned to the m 1 vibrational stretching mode of the NO 3 -group, and a 710 cm -1 peak attributed to the d 4 bending mode of the NO 3 -group, whereas no peak was observed at approximately 940 cm -1 due to the O 0 -NO 2 stretching mode of HNO 3 . Chemical equilibrium calculations based on the reaction NO 3 -? NH 4 ? HNO 3 ? NH 3 demonstrated that the concentration of HNO 3 gradually increases with temperature, although the HNO 3 to NO 3 -ratio was still only approximately 0.0034, even at 533 K. Thus, molten AN was found to contain primarily NO 3 -and only a minor amount of liquid HNO 3 over the temperature range analyzed. The heat flow associated with condensed phase decomposition was simulated based on the assumption that the decomposition rate of AN is given by ÀdC AN =dt ¼ 10 9:4 exp À125520=RT ð Þ C NH þ 4 C HNO 3 and that C NH þ 4 and C HNO 3 are constant due to chemical equilibrium. The heat flow curves thus calculated were in good agreement with the experimental DSC data acquired at 5.1 MPa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Izato

Miyake

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Thermal decomposition of pure ADN begins at approximately 130 °C and MMAN vaporizes and decomposes at approximately 200 °C, with some variations depending on the heating conditions. 6,[15][16][17] In addition, the decomposition of ADN proceeds both exothermically and autocatalytically. 18 is thought that exothermic reactions involving the generation of combustible mixtures occur initially, increasing the temperature of the liquid phases and the evolved gases around the liquid, after which the combustible gas mixture ignites.…”

Section: Ignition Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that the primary gaseous products generated during ADN decomposition are nitrous oxide (producing ions with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 44, 30 and 28), nitrogen dioxide (m/z = 46 and 30), nitrogen (m/z = 28), and water (m/z = 18 and 17). [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The decomposition of amine nitrates starts with dissociation to amines and nitric acid. [22][23][24] The unique m/z values for monomethylamine and monoethanolamine are 31 and 61, respectively.…”

Section: Evolved Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of High-energy Ionic Liquids Based on Ammonium Dinitramide and Amine Nitrates

Matsunaga

Katoh

Habu

et al. 2018

AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN

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Certain combinations of ammonium dinitramide (ADN, melting point = 93 °C) and additives such as methylamine nitrate (MMAN) (melting point = 110 °C) and urea (melting point = 133 °C), form stable ionic liquids, even below room temperature. These mixtures, referred to as energetic ionic liquid propellants (EILPs), can be highly energetic, and yet are easy to handle. Improving the performance of EILPs will require an understanding of the effects of the additives on the melting point and reaction mechanism for ADN. Therefore, the present work examined the melting point and thermal decomposition and ignition processes for EILPs based on ADN and various amine nitrates. Some EILPs made with low molecular weight amines were found to exhibit a reduced melting point, and high speed photography demonstrated that ignition of these mixtures took place following thermal decomposition of the condensed phase. The thermal behavior and gas evolution for EILPs during heating were assessed by thermal analysis combined with spectrometry and the results showed that the decomposition products were not affected by the specific amine nitrate used in the mixture. The data also suggested that variations in the heat release and reactivity for these mixtures during thermal decomposition can influence the ignitability of the EILPs.

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“…Thus, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of ADN decomposition has become a research topic of high interest initiating a multitude of experimental [11–19] and theoretical studies [20–28]. In a recent theoretical study by Izato et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition Pathways of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and its HNO₃‐Clusters Elucidated by DFT‐Calculations

Lang

Bohn

2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) may serve as a ‘green’ oxidizer for rocket propellants since it provides chlorine free and minimum signature exhaust gases. However, stability issues and an erratic decomposition behaviour limit its non‐questionable general usability. Nitric acid (HNO3) is a decomposition product of ADN and is known to accelerate the decomposition autocatalytically. In this study, we investigate the effect of HNO3 on the initial decomposition steps of ADN via quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) in vacuo as well as in an aqueous solution. We establish and compare the reaction profiles of ADN, its anion DN− and its acid HDN as well as their HNO3‐clusters [NO3H_ADN], [NO3H_DN]− and [NO3H_HDN] towards the products NO2, HNO3 and N2O. All species exhibit various isomers with distinct decomposition pathways. We complement our study by investigating the protonated, cationic species [H_ADN]+, which may form in a low pH regime. The HNO3 clusters reveal modulated energy barriers and in part altered decomposition pathways in comparison to the free DN−, HDN, and ADN species. The altered pathways include the formation of reactive intermediates (such as H2NO3+) as well as the formation of two HNO3 molecules starting from one HNO3 molecule, hinting at accelerated decomposition of ADN due to interaction with HNO3.

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Influences of aging on thermal decomposition mechanism of high performance oxidizer ammonium dinitramide

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Preparation and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of High-energy Ionic Liquids Based on Ammonium Dinitramide and Amine Nitrates

Decomposition Pathways of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and its HNO₃‐Clusters Elucidated by DFT‐Calculations

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Influences of aging on thermal decomposition mechanism of high performance oxidizer ammonium dinitramide

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Preparation and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of High-energy Ionic Liquids Based on Ammonium Dinitramide and Amine Nitrates

Decomposition Pathways of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and its HNO3‐Clusters Elucidated by DFT‐Calculations

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Decomposition Pathways of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and its HNO₃‐Clusters Elucidated by DFT‐Calculations