Influences of achieved SBP on age and sex-related left ventricular structural alteration in community hypertensive populations

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate age and sex-related left ventricular (LV) structural alteration in community hypertensive populations, and to explore whether achieved systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<120, < 130 and <140 mmHg) would modify the association between age and sex with LV structural alteration.Method: A total of 1419 community hypertensive people (mean age 61 years, women 50.5%) without cardiovascular disease and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) at baseline were included. LV structural measures were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and at follow-up. Age and sex-related LV structural alteration was evaluated using linear and Cox regression analysis as appropriate.Results: Per 10 years increase in age was associated with positive alteration of LV mass (LVM) index (coefficient-b: 2.63) and LV mass-to-volume (LVMV) ratio (coefficient-b: 0.04). Female sex was associated with positive alteration of LVM index (coefficient-b: 4.87) and LVMV ratio (coefficient-b: 0.05). After a median follow-up of 4years, compared to men, women had a higher rate of LVH (36.8% vs. 11.5%, P < 0.001). The association between age and incident LVH was nonsignificant when achieved SBP <120 mmHg. The association between female sex and LVM index alteration was nonsignificant when achieved SBP <120mmHg and <130mmHg. Conclusion:Age and female sex were associated with a phenotype of LV remodeling which was featured by increased LVM index and concentric remodeling. Women had a higher risk of developing LVH. A lower achieved SBP conferred greater effects on mitigating age and sex-related LV structural alteration.

Correlation between the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) Score and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Older Patients with Hypertension*

“…Beyond the HALP Score, our study identified female sex as a risk factor for LVH in older patients with hypertension. The findings align with those from a prospective study in 1419 patients with hypertension without initial LVH, which has highlighted that women have a greater risk of developing LVH than men [32]. Hoshida et al [33] have shown a more pronounced increase in LVH and myocardial stiffness in older female patients with hypertension than male patients.…”

The Depiction of Hypertension in Heart Imaging Examinations: An Up-to-Date Review of the Evidence

“… 14 Long-term hypertension consequences regarding LVH have also been detected, with hypertensive women having a higher risk for the development of LVH compared to men. 15 This association between the women population and LVM index alteration was not significant in the case of achieving systolic blood pressure <120 mmHg and <130 mmHg, providing a clear effect of hypertension despite age. 15 Furthermore, the pattern of hypertension plays an important role.…”

“… 15 This association between the women population and LVM index alteration was not significant in the case of achieving systolic blood pressure <120 mmHg and <130 mmHg, providing a clear effect of hypertension despite age. 15 Furthermore, the pattern of hypertension plays an important role. Abnormalities and particularly an increase in circadian blood pressure variability seem to be associated with higher LV mass index.…”