Influence on Environmental Safety of the Drinking Water of Nitrification in Water Reservoir Being a Source of Water Supply and Filter Filling Materials in Water Treatment Facilities

Abstract

The nitrification process inside the water treatment facilities is an environmental threat because it might cause unacceptable concentrations of nitrites in drinking water. Special data processing has been carried out in the course of daily monitoring of concentration levels for ammonium, nitrogen, nitrites, and nitrates in the Siverskyi Donets river at the water intake site, and downstream, in the water mass having passed through the facilities of the water treatment complex "Donets". Based on the above studies, a positive correlation was revealed (with a correlation coefficient of 0.64-0.93) between the activity of nitrification processes in the natural reservoir and the activity of nitrification inside the water treatment facilities. The environmental outcomes of the nitrification processes inside the water treatment facilities might be dangerous. Experimental studies have proven that the zeolite backfill of the rapid filters installed at the water treatment complex is the most favorable medium for immobilization of the nitrifying bacteria in comparison with other backfills of silica sand or anthracite coal, therefore it is quite suitable for the development of nitrification process. The studies have shown that nitrites do not accumulate in water after water treatment procedures, therefore, the rate of phase I nitrification inside these facilities does not exceed the rate of the second phase. To clean the filtering backfill of these microorganisms, a conventional technological wash is fairly enough.

Investigation of Clinoptylolite Ion Exchange Capacity Relative to Copper and Zinc Ions in Conditions of Ideal Intermixing Mode

“…The results of a number of researchers indicate a high selectivity of natural zeolites for the adsorption of ammonium ions [6,7], heavy metals [8], radioactive elements [9]. An important feature of zeolites, and in particular clinoptilolite, is the ability to modify or activate their crystal structure by various methods [2,10]: preheating or calcination; pre-chemical treatment with salts, acids or alkalis.…”

Integrated Process of Ammonium Ion Adsorption by Natural Dispersed Sorbents

“…To purify wastewater from ammonia nitrogen, the following methods have become widespread: blown free ammonia, chlorination, ozonation, conversion of ammonium nitrogen NH4 + to molecular nitrogen N2 biologically, removal of ammonium nitrogen by ion exchange, adsorption of ammonium ions, natural dispersions sorbents synthesized from plant raw materials [7,8]. Analysis and comparison from the technical and economic point of view of methods extraction from aqueous solutions allows us to state that the method of ion exchange using natural dispersed sorbents is one of the most effective [9,10]. Purification of aqueous solutions with the help of dispersed sorbents meets many requirements of environmentally friendly and energy-saving production based on the principle of non-waste.…”

Ecological Aspects of Clay Sorption Materials Usage in Leather and Fur Production Technologies

“…In order to prevent environmental pollution by wastewater from industrial enterprises, the most promising way to treat them is proprietary technology, which is widely used in many countries. We have accumulated the experience of natural sorbents and their modified forms usage for the treatment of wastewater from nitrogen compounds [1,2], petroleum products [3,4], and ions. The main advantages of using adsorption materials are:…”