Influence of Zn as a spallation product on the behaviour of martensitic steel T91 and austenitic steel 316L in liquid Pb–Bi

Impedance spectroscopy and microstructural characterization of the corrosion behavior of FeCrAl alloy in lead–bismuth eutectic

“…However, LBE at high temperature is very corrosive towards austenitic and ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels. An extensive amount of work on the corrosion behavior of austenitic and F/M steels by many researchers has been reported [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. To address this, various methods for mitigating the corrosion attack of LBE have been proposed; the most prevalent one is Active Oxygen Control (AOC) of LBE.…”

Environmental degradation of structural materials in liquid lead- and lead-bismuth eutectic-cooled reactors

“…Disregarding any differences in steel chemical composition (1.4970 vs. 1.4571), LBE oxygen concentration (C O ≈ 10 − 8 vs. 10 − 6 wt%), and most importantly, exposure duration (2200 h vs. 12,564 h), the deep dissolution Refs. [92,116,125,133,136,167,[169][170][171]189,196,198,[202][203][204][205][208][209][210][211]231,[233][234][235][236]. Mechanisms: uniform oxidation (diamonds), uniform dissolution (circles), and locally enhanced dissolution (triangles).…”

“…Contrary to oxidation, dissolution corrosion does not stop after reaching a certain depth and, provided the right conditions, it can continue uninhibitedly until the steel is completely consumed. [92,116,125,133,136,167,[169][170][171]189,196,198,[202][203][204][205][208][209][210][211]231,[233][234][235][236]. Mechanisms: uniform oxidation (diamonds), uniform dissolution (circles), locally enhanced dissolution (triangles).…”

“…The existing experimental data regarding the effect of the oxygen concentration dissolved in the HLM on the LMC behaviour of [ 40,42,107,116,125,136,177,178,[196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213]. Mechanisms: uniform oxidation (diamonds), uniform dissolution (circles), and locally enhanced dissolution (triangles).…”

Influence of the Pb–Bi hydrodynamics on the corrosion of T91 martensitic steel and pure iron

“…Concerning an eventual effect of zinc on the corrosion rates, static corrosion tests have been performed which showed no specific effect of zinc [5]. Moreover, if an oxide layer is present at the surface of the steel, the prewetting step which is performed at a higher temperature than the corrosion test should normally allow the removal of an oxide layer at the surface of the steel: as the temperature is higher, for a same oxygen concentration, magnetite (if the oxide layer is constituted of magnetite) can become unstable and therefore dissolve in the liquid melt.…”