Influence of Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure

Neter, Judith E.; Stam, B.; Kok, F.J.; Grobbee, Diederick E.; Geleijnse, Johanna M.

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000094221.86888.ae

Cited by 1,091 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, the results are comparable to analyses which showed, for each kilogram of weight loss, that systolic and diastolic blood pressures fall by 1?0 mmHg each (47) and blood parameters improve: total cholesterol by 20?13 mmol/l, TAG by 20?09 mmol/l, LDL cholesterol by 20?05 mmol/l, HDL cholesterol by 10?004 mmol/l (48) and fasting plasma glucose by 20?2 mmol/l (49) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Dietary interventions for weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in people of African ancestry (blacks): a systematic review

Osei-Assibey

Boachie

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To systematically review weight and cardiovascular risk reduction in blacks by diet and lifestyle changes. Design: Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials of diet with/without lifestyle changes with duration of intervention $3 months, and published between January 1990 and December 2009, were searched in electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CCTR (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register). Studies were included if they reported weight/BMI changes with changes in at least one of the following: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma lipids and glucose, and glycated haemoglobin. Setting: Clinical, community and church-based interventions. Subjects: Study participants were of African ancestry (blacks).Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Average mean difference in weight loss was 22?66 kg, with improvements in all outcomes except total cholesterol. No significant difference was observed in outcome measures between all studies and studies that recruited only healthy participants or patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Diet and lifestyle changes result in weight loss with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors in blacks. However, more culturally tailored programmes have been suggested to motivate and encourage blacks to participate in intervention trials. Keywords Weight loss Cardiovascular risk reduction BlacksObesity poses a major public health problem worldwide, driving an epidemic of associated complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD (1) . People of sub-Saharan African ancestry (blacks) in Western countries exhibit higher prevalences of obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors than people of European ancestry (whites). Surveys in the USA have indicated that the prevalence of obesity is 32?2 % in the general population, 30?6 % in whites and 45?0 % in blacks. Among men, the prevalence is similar in whites (31?1 %) and blacks (34?0 %). However, black women are more likely to be obese (53?9 %) than white women (30?2 %) (2) . In addition to higher obesity rates, blacks have higher prevalences of CVD risk factors, including higher prevalences of diabetes, hypertension and stroke (3)(4)(5)(6) , and higher mortality rates from CVD (7) compared with whites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Dietary interventions for weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in people of African ancestry (blacks): a systematic review

Osei-Assibey

Boachie

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…6 The BP was higher in men. Eison et al 14 found a higher prevalence of hypertension in men during 24 h ABPM in a small group of non-obese patients with mild and untreated hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…4 The Framingham Heart Study suggests that 78% of hypertension in men and 65% in women can be directly ascribed to obesity, 5 and a meta-analysis of 25 randomized-controlled trials showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of E1 mm Hg for each kilogram of weight loss. 6 Gender differences in hypertension have been well described. Thus, hypertension is more common in men before 59 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profile in obese, overweight and normal subjects

Kagan

Faibel²,

Ben-Arie

et al. 2006

J Hum Hypertens

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The incidence of obesity has increased enormously in the past several decades, and has been described as a modern epidemic. Obesity is a major factor contributing to hypertension. To the best of our knowledge, no study of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) comparing men with women in relation to body mass indexes (BMI) has been performed. From December 2002 to May 2006, we performed 24-h ABPM in 5950 subjects (3102 men and 2848 women), with a wide range of BMI (range 15.9-53.2 kg/m 2 ). We defined obese subjects as those with BMIX30.0 kg/m 2 , overweight subjects as those with BMI425.0 and o30.0 kg/m 2 , and normal subjects as those with BMIp25.0 kg/m 2 . Data on 989 subjects (501 men and 488 women) aged from X18 to p69 years without antihypertensive treatment, atrial fibrillation or diabetes were included for analysis. We consistently found that obese men had the expected increased heart rate compared to normal and overweight men, whereas women (normal, overweight and obese) had similar HRs. In addition, normal and obese women had similar diastolic blood pressures (BP), as opposed to obese men, who had raised diastolic BP. These results may indicate that different pathogenetic mechanisms may be involved in the relationship between obesity and hypertension in men and women.

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“…66 There was no weight-independent effect of rimonabant on BP and the degree of reduction was lower than that expected by the weight loss. 67 …”

Section: Mechanisms Of Obesity-induced Hypertension V Kotsis Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of obesity-induced hypertension

et al. 2010

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The relationship between obesity and hypertension is well established both in children and adults. The mechanisms through which obesity directly causes hypertension are still an area of research. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system has been considered to have an important function in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. The arterial-pressure control mechanism of diuresis and natriuresis, according to the principle of infinite feedback gain, seems to be shifted toward higher blood-pressure levels in obese individuals. During the early phases of obesity, primary sodium retention exists as a result of increase in renal tubular reabsorption. Extracellular-fluid volume is expanded and the kidney-fluid apparatus is resetted to a hypertensive level, consistent with a model of hypertension because of volume overload. Plasma renin activity, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II and aldosterone values display significant increase during obesity. Insulin resistance and inflammation may promote an altered profile of vascular function and consequently hypertension. Leptin and other neuropeptides are possible links between obesity and the development of hypertension. Obesity should be considered as a chronic medical condition, which is likely to require long-term treatment. Understanding of the mechanisms associated with obesity-related hypertension is essential for successful treatment strategies. Hypertension Research (2010) 33, 386-393; doi:10.1038/hr.2010.9Keywords: leptin; obesity; pressure natriuresis; rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; sympathetic nervous system INTRODUCTION Obesity is a common disorder that develops from the interaction between the genotype and the environment and involves social, behavioral, cultural, physiological, metabolic and genetic factors. A large number of studies have shown that obesity has an important negative impact on health in a population, leading to the recommendation for general practitioners to have an important function in the management of this condition and of its associated comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance. The relationship between obesity and hypertension is well established both in adults and children. 1,2 Obese individuals exhibit higher levels of office as well as ambulatory blood pressure (BP) from childhood to old age. Obese subjects display higher BP levels than non-obese individuals even in the normotensive range. The combination of obesity, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors significantly increases the probability of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and raises considerations for aggressive treatment strategies. 3 The mechanisms through which obesity directly causes hypertension are still an area of research. Human and animal studies have elucidated the function of adipose tissue derivatives (adipokines and cytokines), neurohumoral pathways, metabolic functions and modulation of pressor/depressor mechanisms. Although obesity-related hypertension may be the result of a combinatio...

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Influence of Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure

Cited by 1,091 publications

References 39 publications

Dietary interventions for weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in people of African ancestry (blacks): a systematic review

Dietary interventions for weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in people of African ancestry (blacks): a systematic review

Gender differences in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profile in obese, overweight and normal subjects

Mechanisms of obesity-induced hypertension

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