Influence of weather conditions on the duration of the growing season and economically valuable traits and properties of soybean varieties of domestic and foreign selection

Abstract

The influence of meteorological conditions of the region on the duration of the vegetation period and production process of domestic and foreign soybean breeding was determined. The research was conducted in the period 2021–2023 in the Bryansk region. 18 soybean varieties included in the Register of breeding achievements admitted to use were taken as an object of research. According to the duration of the vegetation period varieties are divided into three groups of ripeness: fast-ripening – Vita, Lira, Leader 10, Amadea, Lisbon, Vera, early-maturing – Protina, Volma, Kora, Zusha, Mezenka, Osmon, Sultana, medium-maturing – Sculptor, Pripyat, Puma, Sirelia, Ros. It was revealed that, on average, plant height increased with the increasing vegetation period: fast-ripening – 75.8 cm, early-maturing – 77.3, medium-maturing – 83.0 cm. It was revealed that, on average, with an increase in the growing season, the height of plants increased: precocious – 75.8 cm, early-maturing – 77.3 cm, middle-maturing – 83.0 cm. 4 genotypes (22 %) with low attachment of the lower beans were identified: Vera, Kora, Pripyat, Sirelia, 11 varieties (61 %) with medium attachment of the lower beans: Vita, Lira, Leader 10, Amadea, Lisbon, Volma, Zusha, Osmon, Sultana, Sculptor, Puma, 3 varieties (17 %) with a high attachment: Protina, Mezenka, Ros. The weight of 1000 seeds was calculated – varieties with larger filled seeds: Sultana (176), Ros (177), Lisbon (162), Vita (158), Vera (158), Sirelia (158). Varieties with the highest seed yield were identified: Ros (25.3 c/ha), Zusha (22.8), Sculptor (22.2), Pripyat (22.2), Lisbon (22.1 c/ha). Crude protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method, crude fat by the Soxhlet. The high content of crude protein was formed by the varieties of domestic breeding: Puma (36.66%), Mezenka (35.95%), Osmon (35.75%), Vera (35.34%); foreign varieties: Sirelia (39.05%), Sultana (38.27%), Pripyat (36.17%). The crude fat content in the seeds varied both by year and by variety. The maximum fat value was noted in the genotypes: Ros (23.78%), Mezenka (23.72%), Sculptor (23.18%), Zusha (22.45 %), Sultana (22.36%).