Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the nanostructure and volatility of particles emitted by a direct-injection diesel engine

Wei, Long; Cheung, Chun Shun; Ning, Zhi

doi:10.1080/02786826.2016.1203390

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Besides, with the increase of speed, the residence time drops and the progress of oxidation decreases further. Therefore, the mean particle diameters increase, in line with previous reports [46,47].…”

Section: Primary Particulates and Its Nanostructure Parameterssupporting

confidence: 92%

Analysis of morphology, nanostructure, and oxidation reaction of soot particulates from CI engines with dimethoxymethane–diesel blends under different loads and speeds

Qian

Huang

Pan

et al. 2020

Fuel

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Dimethoxymethane (DMM)-diesel blended fuels can simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions of soot and nitrogen oxide (NO X ); several studies have been conducted in this regard. However, the influence of additive DMM on the production of inception and precursors of particulates, especially the relation between oxidation, morphology, and the nanostructure of soot particles has not been extensively investigated. In this study, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a thermogravimetric analyzer are introduced to acquire TEM images and conduct temperature-programmed-oxidation experiments. Aiming to study the influence of DMM addition on soot oxidation, morphology, and nanostructure, tests are conducted at different rotational speeds (1400 rpm and 2200 rpm), two engine loads (0.6 MPa and 1.2 MPa), and three fuels (D100, DMM6.4, and DMM13). The results show that the diameter distributions of all samples display a similar distribution, with the range of sample diameters being from 10 to 45 nm, and the addition of DMM reduces the dp (primary particle diameters) and the Df (fractal dimension), indicating a decreased structural compactness of aggregates, compared with diesel. Moreover, with increasing load and speed, La (the length of the fringe) increases and d (the distance between adjacent layer planes) decreases. Furthermore, with the addition of DMM, a more regular and higher degree of graphitization within soot particles can be observed in comparison to D100. The nanostructure influences the oxidation reaction of graphene segments with a line relation, leading to a difference in soot oxidation property.

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Section: Primary Particulates and Its Nanostructure Parameterssupporting

confidence: 92%

Analysis of morphology, nanostructure, and oxidation reaction of soot particulates from CI engines with dimethoxymethane–diesel blends under different loads and speeds

Qian

Huang

Pan

et al. 2020

Fuel

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“…The fuel type significantly affects the PM composition, both oxygenates shows to produce PM with higher volatile fraction and less elemental carbon (table 4). This trend was expected since the combustion of the oxygenated blends: (a) reduces the rate of soot production (as shown in section 3.2) which results in an increase in the portion of the volatile compounds [44], (b) produces particles with higher specific surface area (shown later in section 3.3.3), which indicates an increase in the active surface in which the HCs could be adsorbed [45], (c) reduces the exhaust temperature (as shown earlier in section 3.1), which favours the condensation of the unburnt fuel on the soot surface [44]. Inspecting the soot weight loss curve (table 4 and Figure 5), particles resulted from both D20 (S D20 ) and T20…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 65%

Effect of propylene glycol ether fuelling on the different physico-chemical properties of the emitted particulate matters: Implications of the soot reactivity

Serhan

Tsolakis

Martos

2018

Fuel

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The research work presented here focuses on the particulate matter (PM) number concentration and its physico-chemical properties from the combustion of di and tri-propylene glycol methyl ether/diesel blends (D20 and T20 respectively). Exhaust PM were characterised using a Scanning Transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (S/TEM-EDX) to quantify the nanostructure, morphology and elemental composition of the agglomerates, Raman spectroscopy (RS) to further examine the particulate graphite like structure and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) to analyse the oxidative reactivity. The increase in the fuel oxygen content reduces both, exhaust PM levels and NOx emissions. TGA analysis confirms that the oxygenated blends enhance the particulates oxidative reactivity and increase their volatile fraction in the following order T20>D20>Diesel. EDX analysis shows that the combustion of both D20 and T20 lowers the PM carbon fraction and ash precipitations but increases its oxygen functional groups in the same order. Furthermore, a notable reduction in the primary particles size was recorded, whose carbon layers were found to be more tortuous than diesel, but no significant modification was shown in their length. Unconventionally, smaller separation distance was seen between the carbon layers, and higher graphitisation order was seen from the RS analysis. It was finally concluded that concerning the nanoscale parameters, the initial curvature of the carbon layers present a stronger influence in dictating the particles reactivity compared to the graphitisation order or the initial length and separation distance of the carbon layers. As for the macroscale, primary particle size and the portion of oxygen in the particle could be another possible reason for the better soot reactivity seen from the propylene glycol ethers combustion. The significance of the reduced exhaust particles' level and modified PM's physical and elemental properties can improve Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration and allows engine calibration that can favour NOx emissions reduction (i.e. lower NOx -PM trade-off lines).

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“…The fringe interlayer distance, or separation distance, is defined as the average distance of an adjacent carbon fringe and related to the degree of graphitization. 33 Figure 5 summarized interlayer distance distributions obtained from different particulate samples. Most of the fringes abstracted from samples had a separation distance ranging from 0.35 to 0.45 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al 32 studied the composition of particles generated from butanol/diesel and pentanol/diesel blends, and results showed that the content of organic carbon in PM increased with the addition of butanol and pentanol, which can increase the volatility and oxidation rate of particles. 33 Table 1 showed the effect of some alcohol blends on soot characteristics, and there is a similarity that blended fuel soot has higher oxidation activity compared to diesel soot by observing TGA results. However, some nanostructure parameters such as L a , T f , and D s do not reflect the same trend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Impact of n-Hexanol Blending on Morphology, Nanostructure, Graphitization, and Oxidation Characteristics of Diesel Particles

Wang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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As a promising alternative fuel with favorable properties and attractive prospects, the application of n-hexanol in diesel engines has aroused the interest of researchers. This study investigated the effects of mixing with n-hexanol on the morphology, nanostructure, graphitization, and oxidation reactivity of soot particles generated from a diesel engine. Experiments were performed on a turbocharged, four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with D100 (neat diesel fuel), DH15 (15% nhexanol and 85% diesel, v/v), and DH30 (30% n-hexanol and 70% diesel, v/v), respectively. Under the constant torque of 125 N•m, two typical speeds of 1370 and 2150 rpm were selected. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize particulate samples. TEM images showed that DH15 and DH30 particles had smaller primary particle diameters in comparison with neat diesel particles. Moreover, with the increase of the nhexanol content in mixtures, the interlayer distance increased, indicating a more disordered nanostructure. RS results showed that soot samples generated from n-hexanol/diesel blended fuels had a lower degree of graphitization with larger I D1 /I G and A D1 /A G and more amorphous carbon with larger I D3 /I G and A D3 /A G . Based on TGA, it can be deduced that the DH30 soot sample obtained at the engine speed of 1370 rpm was easier to be oxidized in the DPF regeneration process for an 8.23% reduction in T max compared with D100 soot. Furthermore, activation energy of soots sampled at the engine speed of 2150 rpm decreased from 123.0 kJ/mol for D100 soot, to 109.6 kJ/mol for DH15 soot, and to 101.2 kJ/mol for DH30 soot, respectively. Regarding the effect of engine speeds on physicochemical characteristics of particles, results showed that the soot has higher oxidation activity under higher engine speed.

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Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the nanostructure and volatility of particles emitted by a direct-injection diesel engine

Cited by 36 publications

References 61 publications

Analysis of morphology, nanostructure, and oxidation reaction of soot particulates from CI engines with dimethoxymethane–diesel blends under different loads and speeds

Analysis of morphology, nanostructure, and oxidation reaction of soot particulates from CI engines with dimethoxymethane–diesel blends under different loads and speeds

Effect of propylene glycol ether fuelling on the different physico-chemical properties of the emitted particulate matters: Implications of the soot reactivity

Impact of n-Hexanol Blending on Morphology, Nanostructure, Graphitization, and Oxidation Characteristics of Diesel Particles

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