Influence of walking on swimmeret beating in the lobster <i>Homarus gammarus</i>

Cattaert, Daniel; Clarac, François

doi:10.1002/neu.480140603

Cited by 188 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There are, for example, well documented interactions between the respiratory and locomotory systems (Cattaert and Clarac, 1983;Kawahara et al, 1989;Morin and Viala, 2002), between respiration and vocalization (Larson et al, 1994;Suthers, 1997), and between different aspects of feeding (Perrins and Weiss, 1996;Clemens et al, 1998). However, there is little information available regarding the cellular basis of how such interactions coordinate the relevant neuronal circuits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercircuit Control via Rhythmic Regulation of Projection Neuron Activity

Wood¹,

Manor²,

Nadim³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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Synaptic feedback from rhythmically active neuronal circuits commonly causes their descending inputs to exhibit the rhythmic activity pattern generated by that circuit. In most cases, however, the function of this rhythmic feedback is unknown. In fact, generally these inputs can still activate the target circuit when driven in a tonic activity pattern. We are using the crab stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) to test the hypothesis that the neuronal circuit-mediated rhythmic activity pattern in projection neurons contributes to intercircuit regulation. The crab STNS contains an identified projection neuron, modulatory commissural neuron 1 (MCN1), whose tonic stimulation activates and modulates the gastric mill (chewing) and pyloric (filtering of chewed food) motor circuits in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). During tonic stimulation of MCN1, the pyloric circuit regulates both gastric mill cycle frequency and gastropyloric coordination via a direct synapse onto a gastric mill neuron in the STG. However, when MCN1 is spontaneously active, it has a pyloric-timed activity pattern attributable to synaptic input from the pyloric circuit. This pyloric-timed activity in MCN1 provides the pyloric circuit with a second pathway for regulating the gastric mill rhythm. At these times, the direct STG synapse from the pyloric circuit to the gastric mill circuit is not necessary for pyloric regulation of the gastric mill rhythm. However, in the intact system, these two pathways play complementary roles in this intercircuit regulation. Thus, one role for rhythmicity in modulatory projection neurons is to enable them to mediate the interactions between distinct but related neuronal circuits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercircuit Control via Rhythmic Regulation of Projection Neuron Activity

Wood¹,

Manor²,

Nadim³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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“…Although the mechanics of tail-flips and walking have been fairly well explored in crustaceans (e.g. Cattaert and Clarac, 1983;Mitchell and DeMont, 2004;Nauen and Shadwick, 1999;Nauen and Shadwick, 2001) the question of pleopod function in lobster locomotion has received little quantitative treatment. H. americanus is important commercially on the east coast of Canada and the United States (Campbell, 1989;Cooper and Uzmann, 1971), and physical limitations on movement in the environment will influence the distribution of these animals in space and time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhythmic beating of the pleopods under the raised abdomen creates flows around the lobster that have a role in chemical signalling, egg ventilation and equilibrium responses (Atema and Voigt, 1995;Davis, 1968a;Govind et al, 1995). In the benthic adult stage, the pleopods purportedly assume a secondary role in locomotion by assisting the thoracic walking legs especially during high-speed walking or while climbing obstacles (Atema and Voigt, 1995;Cattaert and Clarac, 1983;Davis, 1968b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associated with this lack of quantified pleopod forces is debate over whether the pleopods are even capable of generating forces that are large enough to have a significant role in locomotion (Atema and Voigt, 1995;Ayers, 2004;Cattaert and Clarac, 1983;Davis, 1968a;Govind et al, 1995). Davis (Davis, 1968a) proclaimed the importance of pleopod-generated forces when he demonstrated that pleopods in H. americanus perform a crucial role in producing righting torques, which are produced when lobsters are tilted off axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematics, hydrodynamics and force production of pleopods suggest jet-assisted walking in the American lobster (Homarus americanus)

Lim

DeMont

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe American lobster (Homarus americanus) displays a diverse set of locomotory behaviours that includes tail flips, walking and paddling. Paddling is carried out by the four pairs of paddle-shaped pleopods on the ventral abdomen. Although it is recognized that pleopod-generated fluid flows have some locomotory role in adults, reports on their relative importance in locomotion are inconsistent. This paper integrates experimental kinematics and hydrodynamics of lobster pleopod beating to determine the mechanism and magnitude of pleopod force production. A kinematic analysis of pleopod beating in live lobsters showed that the pleopods execute an adlocomotory metachronal beating pattern. We modelled in vivo pleopod kinematics with a set of simple trigonometric functions, and used these functions to program a mechanical lobster model consisting of motor-driven pleopods on a lobster abdomen exoskeleton. Based on flow visualizations obtained from applying particle image velocimetry to the lobster model, we propose that the unsteady metachronal kinematics of the pleopods can maximize thrust by exploiting forces arising from individual pleopod activity and interactions among adjacent pairs. The pleopods continuously entrain fluid surrounding the lobster and create a caudally directed fluid jet oriented parallel to the substratum. Inputting wake morphology and velocity data into a simplified model for steady jet thrust showed that the pleopods of the lobster model produced 27-54 mN of thrust, which is comparable to the propulsive forces generated by other proficient swimmers. These results suggest that lobster pleopods are capable of producing forces of a magnitude that could assist the walking legs in forward propulsion.

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“…Such coordinating interactions between distinct oscillatory networks include those responsible for walking and swimmeret movements in crustaceans (Cattaert and Clarac, 1983;Chrachri and Neil, 1993), gastric and pyloric motor rhythms in the crustacean stomatogastric system (Bartos et al, 1999;Faumont et al, 2005), and mammalian locomotion and respiration (Kawahara et al, 1989;Morin and Viala, 2002). Moreover, the extent of intercircuit interaction must be variable so that the different behaviors can be expressed independently at different frequencies, but when required, can rapidly adopt cycle frequency coupling under particular behavioral circumstances (Dickinson, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing Aminergic Modulation of Distinct Spinal Locomotor Circuits and Their Functional Coupling during Amphibian Metamorphosis

Rauscent¹,

Einum²,

Ray³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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The biogenic amines serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) are well known modulators of central pattern-generating networks responsible for vertebrate locomotion. Here we have explored monoaminergic modulation of the spinal circuits that generate two distinct modes of locomotion in the metamorphosing frog Xenopus laevis. At metamorphic climax when propulsion is achieved by undulatory larval tail movements and/or by kicking of the newly developed adult hindlimbs, the underlying motor networks remain spontaneously active in vitro, producing either separate fast axial and slow appendicular rhythms or a single combined rhythm that drives coordinated tail-based and limb-based swimming in vivo. In isolated spinal cords already expressing distinct axial and limb rhythms, bath-applied 5-HT induced coupled network activity through an opposite slowing of axial rhythmicity (by increasing motoneuron burst and cycle durations) and an acceleration of limb rhythmicity (by decreasing burst and cycle durations). In contrast, in preparations spontaneously expressing coordinated fictive locomotion, exogenous NA caused a dissociation of spinal activity into separate faster axial and slower appendicular rhythms by decreasing and increasing burst and cycle durations, respectively. Moreover, in preparations from premetamorphic and postmetamorphic animals that express exclusively axial-based or limb-based locomotion, 5-HT and NA modified the developmentally independent rhythms in a similar manner to the amines' opposing effects on the coexisting circuits at metamorphic climax. Thus, by exerting differential modulatory actions on one network that are opposite to their influences on a second adjacent circuit, these two amines are able to precisely regulate the functional relationship between different rhythmogenic networks in a developing vertebrate's spinal cord.

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Influence of walking on swimmeret beating in the lobster Homarus gammarus

Cited by 188 publications

References 33 publications

Intercircuit Control via Rhythmic Regulation of Projection Neuron Activity

Intercircuit Control via Rhythmic Regulation of Projection Neuron Activity

Kinematics, hydrodynamics and force production of pleopods suggest jet-assisted walking in the American lobster (Homarus americanus)

Opposing Aminergic Modulation of Distinct Spinal Locomotor Circuits and Their Functional Coupling during Amphibian Metamorphosis

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