Influence of Vitamin K on Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis

Abstract

Vitamin K (VK) has an established biological function in blood coagulation and hemostasis and maintains general health and bone wellbeing. VK supplements have been promoted to treat and prevent many diseases, particularly for decreasing fracture risk in osteoporosis, a chronic condition described by weak bone tissue, and a high fracture risk following minor trauma. It affects older people from different races and ethnicity, mainly postmenopausal women. Many kinds of research emphasize the role of VK in improving bone health and preventing osteoporotic bone fracture, but the findings are mostly inconclusive. In this literature review, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used as the primary sources to select the relevant studies and review the association between VK and bone health and also, to explore the impact of VK supplementation in osteoporosis management. A majority of studies reported that VK has an essential role in promoting bone health. Although some studies revealed that VK might increase bone mineral density and reduce fracture risk in people with osteoporosis, VK supplements' potential benefits were not sufficiently supported. Thus, more clinical studies are needed to determine the positive effects of VK supplementation in osteoporosis prevention and treatment.

Machine Learning Algorithms: Prediction and Feature Selection for Clinical Refracture after Surgically Treated Fragility Fracture

“…Fourth, cardiovascular diseases among the enrolled patients were not evaluated. Instead, we analyzed a related item—warfarin—which works against vitamin K, improving bone homeostasis and increasing bone mineral density [ 47 , 48 ]. Fifth, the long-term cohort (maximum: 10-year period) might have resulted in the fragility fracture and clinical refracture being less correlated.…”

Urinary peptidomic profiles to address age-related disabilities: a prospective population study

“…The AGE-RAGE signalling pathway is potentially implicated in reducing bone density and bone quality and in suppressing bone turnover biomarkers. 38 Independent of chronological age, UPP-age was positively associated with dpucMGP, a marker of vitamin K deficiency, which is required for the γ carboxylation and activation of MGP, osteocalcin, GAS6, periostin, and protein S. 39 These vitamin K-dependent proteins are major players in promoting differentiation and expression of specific genes in osteoblasts and activating proteins involved in bone extracellular matrix mineralisation 40 and play a role in activating TAM receptors affecting inflammation and haemostasis. 41 Moreover, vascular smooth muscle cells and the endothelium synthesise MGP.…”

Transthyretin: From Structural Stability to Osteoarticular and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Vitamin K regulates bone remodeling by promoting the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes and by restricting osteoclastogenesis [ 248 ]. Vitamin-K-dependent γ-carboxylation of glutamate is critical for bone metabolism and for plasma coagulation [ 248 , 249 ]. Proper functioning of the coagulation processes, i.e., formation of the fibrin clot, depends on plasma Ca 2+ .…”

“…Proper functioning of the coagulation processes, i.e., formation of the fibrin clot, depends on plasma Ca 2+ . Vitamin K plays stimulatory roles in the coagulation system and bone health by increasing the Ca 2+ -binding capacities of many relevant proteins [ 249 ]. Importantly, anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin K and enhancing the activity of matrix Gla proteins prevent mineral vascular deposition, which otherwise leads to calcification/atherosclerosis [ 250 ].…”