We like to dedicate this work to the memory of Prof. Liu Bo, of the Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) of Beijing, suddenly passed away few months ago, for his continuous interest in the project and for the important contributions.Abstract. We discuss the isospin effect on the possible phase transition from hadronic to quark matter at high baryon density and finite temperatures. The two-Equation of State (Two-EoS) model is adopted to describe the hadron-quark phase transition in dense matter formed in heavy-ion collisions. For the hadron sector we use Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) effective models, already tested on heavy ion collision (HIC). For the quark phase we consider various effective models, the MITBag static picture, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) approach with chiral dynamics and finally the NJL coupled to the Polyakov-loop field (PNJL), which includes both chiral and (de)confinement dynamics. The idea is to extract mixed phase properties which appear robust with respect to the model differences. In particular we focus on the phase transitions of isospin asymmetric matter, with two main results: i) an earlier transition to a mixed hadron-quark phase, at lower baryon density/chemical potential with respect to symmetric matter; ii) an "Isospin Distillation" to the quark component of the mixed phase, with predicted effects on the final hadron production. Possible observation signals are suggested to probe in heavy-ion collision experiments at intermediate energies, in the range of the NICA program.
MotivationsIn heavy ion collisions at intermediate beam energies in the AGeV range, rather high density regions can be reached, opening the possibility for new degrees of freedom to come into play. This kind of collisions is usually described for hadronic matter within relativistic mean-field(RMF) models and transport theories [1]. Here we want to show that in neutron-rich systems the transition from the nuclear (hadron) to the quark deconfined (quark-gluon plasma) phase could take place even at density and temperature conditions reached along collision dynamics in the intermediate energy range. Such transition in very isospin asymmetric matter is also of large interest in the study of neutron stars (in the following we in short talk of "asymmetric matter").Hadronic matter is expected to undergo a phase transition to a deconfined phase of quarks and gluons at large densities and/or high temperatures. On very general grounds, Correspondence to: ditoro@lns.infn.it the critical densities of the transition should be dependent on the isospin of the system, but no experimental tests of this dependence have been performed so far. Moreover, up to now, data on the phase transition have been extracted from ultrarelativistic collisions, when large temperatures but low baryon densities are reached.In order to check the possibility of observing some precursor signals of new physics even in collisions of stable nuclei at intermediate energies we have performed event simulations for the collision of very heavy, neutron-ri...