Influence of Varying Backpack Loading and Velotypes on the Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait and Energy Cost of Ambulation Among Primary School Children in Nigeria

Ekechukwu, Echezona Nelson Dominic; Okigbo, Callistus Chukwuwendu; Okemuo, Adaobi Justina; Ikele, Chioma Nneka

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96065-4_78

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The gait parameters projected in the VFD form into equations very easily, which is characteristic of a neural-driven process [11].Given that gait alteration precedes falls [13,14], it is expected that the underlying biomechanical factors should likewise find expression in the equation definition method of the VFD and justifies its useful clinical application in fall screening [26]. The strong clinical characteristics of the VFD have enabled diverse clinical studies in developed and developing countries involving plantar lipoatrophy [27], knee osteoarthritis [17], hemiparesis [28], high-heeled walking [16], and diabetes [18,29,30] among others [18,29,30]. A systematic review provided evidence that the VFD has basic scientific applications relevant to clinical studies [31], thus justifying its potential as a fall screening tool [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the discriminatory power of the velocity field diagram and timed-up-and-go test in determining the fall status of community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional observational study

Ibeneme

Eze

Okonkwo³

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background Systematic reviews demonstrated that gait variables are the most reliable predictors of future falls, yet are rarely included in fall screening tools. Thus, most tools have higher specificity than sensitivity, hence may be misleading/detrimental to care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the validity, and reliability of the velocity field diagram (VFD -a gait analytical tool), and the Timed-up-and-go test (TUG)-commonly used in Nigeria as fall screening tools, compared to a gold standard (known fallers) among community-dwelling older adults. Method This is a cross-sectional observational study of 500 older adults (280 fallers and 220 non-fallers), recruited by convenience sampling technique at community health fora on fall prevention. Participants completed a 7-m distance with the number of steps and time it took determined and used to compute the stride length, stride frequency, and velocity, which regression lines formed the VFD. TUG test was simultaneously conducted to discriminate fallers from non-fallers. The cut-off points for falls were: TUG times ≥ 13.5 s; VFD’s intersection point of the stride frequency, and velocity regression lines (E1) ≥ 3.5velots. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curves (AUC) was used to explore the ability of the E1 ≥ 3.5velots to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers. The VFD’s and TUG’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were determined. Alpha was set at p < 0.05. Results The VFD versus TUG sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 71%, 27%, 55%, and 42%, versus 39%, 59%, 55%, and 43%, respectively. The ROC’s AUC were 0.74(95%CI:0.597,0.882, p = 0.001) for the VFD. The optimal categorizations for discrimination between fallers/non-fallers were ≥ 3.78 versus ≤ 3.78 for VFD (fallers versus non-fallers prevalence is 60.71% versus 95.45%, respectively), with a classification accuracy or prediction rate of 0.76 unlike TUG with AUC = 0.53 (95% CI:0.353,0.700, p = 0.762), and a classification accuracy of 0.68, and optimal characterization of ≥ 12.81 s versus ≤ 12.81 (fallers and non-fallers prevalence = 92.86% versus 36.36%, respectively). Conclusion The VFD demonstrated a fair discriminatory power and greater reliability in identifying fallers than the TUG, and therefore, could replace the TUG as a primary tool in screening those at risk of falls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the discriminatory power of the velocity field diagram and timed-up-and-go test in determining the fall status of community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional observational study

Ibeneme

Eze

Okonkwo³

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This explains why the VFD, which was rst described by Eke-Okoro [10,11] has useful clinical application in fall screening [19]. The strong clinical characteristics of the VFD have enabled diverse clinical studies, in both developed and developing countries involving knee osteoarthritis [17], hemiparesis [20], high-heeled walking [16], and prediction of onset of diabetic foot ulcer among others [18,21,22]. A previous systematic review provided evidence that the VFD have basic scienti c applications that are relevant in clinical studies [23], and thus its potential as a fall screening tool [11] could be justi ed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Utility of the ‘Velocity Field Diagram’ and ‘Timed-Up-and-Go Test‘ as Fall Screening Tools Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Observational Study

Ibeneme

Eze

Okonkwo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Evidence from systematic reviews demonstrated that gait variables are the most reliable predictors of future falls, yet are rarely included in fall screening tools. It explains why most tools have higher specificity than sensitivity, hence may be misleading/detrimental to care. The diagnostic utility of a gait analytical tool-velocity field diagram (VFD), and “Timed-up-and-go test (TUG)’- commonly used in Nigeria, was therefore compared to a gold standard (known fallers) to evaluate their accuracy and utility in fall screening. Method: This is an observational study of 500 older adults (280 fallers and 220 non-fallers), recruited by convenience sampling technique at a community health forum on fall prevention. The number of steps and time they spent to complete a-7metre distance was determined and used to calculate the stride length, stride frequency, and velocity, which regression lines were used to form the VFD. TUG test was simultaneously conducted to discriminate fallers from non-fallers. The cut-off points for falls: TUG times ≥13.5 seconds; and VFD’s intersection point of the stride frequency, and velocity regression lines (E1) ≥3.5velots. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curves (AUC) was used to explore the ability of the E1≥3.5velots to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the VFD and TUG were determined. Alpha was set at p<0.05. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the VFD versus TUG is 71%, 27%, 72%, and 43%, versus 39%, 59%, 40%, and 43%, respectively. The ROC’s AUC were 0.74(95%CI:0.597,0.882, p=0.001) for the VFD. The optimal categorizations for discrimination between fallers/non-fallers were ≥3.78 versus ≤3.78 for VFD (fallers and non-fallers prevalence 60.71% versus 95.45%, respectively), with an accuracy of 0.76 unlike TUG with AUC=0.53 (95% CI:0.353, 0.700, p=0.762), and an accuracy of 0.68, and optimal characterization of ≥12.81s versus ≤12.81 (fallers and non-fallers prevalence = 92.86% versus 36.36%, respectively). Conclusion: The VFD demonstrated a fair discriminatory power and greater accuracy in identifying fallers than the TUG. Therefore, the VFD could serve as a primary tool in screening those at the risk of fall than the TUG.

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Influence of Varying Backpack Loading and Velotypes on the Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait and Energy Cost of Ambulation Among Primary School Children in Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluating the discriminatory power of the velocity field diagram and timed-up-and-go test in determining the fall status of community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional observational study

Evaluating the discriminatory power of the velocity field diagram and timed-up-and-go test in determining the fall status of community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional observational study

Evaluation of the Utility of the ‘Velocity Field Diagram’ and ‘Timed-Up-and-Go Test‘ as Fall Screening Tools Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Observational Study

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