Influence of various herbal irrigants as a final rinse on the adherence of Enterococcus faecalis by fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of three different herbal irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis.Materials and Methods:Single rooted teeth were extracted due to orthodontic and periodontal reasons. The teeth were then inoculated with E. faecalis. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups and two control groups of six samples each. Group 1 specimens were treated with 5.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) for 30 min followed by 5 mmol/L Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 5 min and saline as final irrigant. Group 2 specimens were treated with and 5.2% NaOCl for 30 min as final irrigant. Group 3 were treated with Morinda citrifolia (MC) for 30 min as final irrigant. Group 4 were treated with Azadiracta indica (AI) as final irrigant. Group 5 were treated with green tea (GT) for 30 min as final irrigant. The dentin specimens were carefully spread onto a microscope slide and stained with BacLight and examined in a confocal laser scanning microscope set to monitor fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide. A total of nine fields were examined for each treatment and the bacteria presented were counted.Statistical Analysis:Using the one-way ANOVA with multiple comparison, significantly less bacteria were found adhering to the samples treated with Neem followed by NaOCL, GT, MC, Saline.Results:AI treatment produced the maximum reduction in adherence of E. faecalis to dentin (9.30%) followed by NaOCl (12.50%), GT (27.30%), MC (44.20%) and saline (86.70%).Conclusion:Neem is effective in preventing adhesion of E. faecalis to dentin.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Neem, Miswak, Propolis, and Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis using EndoVac

“…The antimicrobial activity of neem was comparable to propolis and is considered to be due to its antiadherence activity by altering bacterial adhesion and their ability to colonize. 7,24 Garg et al, 2 Saxena et al, 20 and Radwan et al 25 stated similarly that neem is less efficacious than NaOCl, whereas this disagrees with the studies by Rosaline et al, 7 Hedge and Kesaria, 22 Bohora et al, 26 Ghonmode et al, 27 and Damre, 28 where they have suggested neem to be more efficacious than sodium hypochlorite. Such divergence might be elucidated by critical methodologic differences of the studies.…”

“…Use of neem as an endodontic irrigant might be advantageous because it is biocompatible, antimicrobial, antiadherent, and antioxidant. 2,7 Salvadora persica (Miswak) chewing sticks are a popular oral hygiene aid and have numerous biological properties.…”

Natural Therapeutic Options in Endodontics - A Review

“…They observed that NaOCl had the maximum antibacterial activity followed by Triphala and green tea. The properties of Green tea might be due to its flavonoid content by inhibition of bacterial enzyme gyrase by binding to Adenosine triphosphate B sub unit [ 67 ]. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Aloe Barbadensis Miller, Camellia Sinensis, Azadirachta Indica and Doxycycline with Sodium Hypochlorite as Root Canal Irrigant against E. Faecalis: An In-Vitro Study

“…Significantly, less bacterial adhesion is noticed in samples treated with Neem, NaOCl, Green tea and Moriandacitrifolia, respectively. 14 Neem (Azadiracta indica) consists of isoprenoid (diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and steroids) and in-isoprenoid compounds containing proteins, amino acids, and flavonoids, etc. The antibacterial effect of neem marks it as a good root canal irrigant with the highest inhibition zone of (16.00±0.63) which concur with current studies of Ghonmode et al, Hegde et al, Damre et al between neem and NaOCl.…”