Influence of Various Blends Cottonseed Methylester Biodiesel on Steady State Emissions Using an Old Technology Ford Escort on a Chassis Dynamometer

Savvidis, Dimitrios; Triandafyllis, John; Grammatikis, Vassilios; Gkatzianis, Georgios; Katopodis, Spyridon

doi:10.4271/2007-01-4062

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Figures 5, 6, and 7 show the impacts of the blend ratio and temperature on the tailpipe CO, HC, and NO x emissions respectively with error bars representing ¡ two standard deviations (95.4 per cent confidence interval). Contrary to the majority of other published studies [20][21][22][23], tailpipe CO emissions were observed to increase with increasing blend ratio for all ambient temperatures. Cold-start strategies incorporating temperature-dependent engine maps dictate injection timings (pilot and main injection) as well as EGR rates and, as a result, increasing ambient temperature does not necessarily lead to a reduction in CO emissions.…”

Section: Tailpipe Emissionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the effect of biodiesel use on vehicle emissions, a number of studies have shown that NO x and fuel consumption increase while HC, CO, and PM emissions decrease with rising biodiesel blend ratio, although the magnitudes of the effects are highly variable [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Lapuerta et al [16] presented an estimate of the percentage of publications reporting relative changes in emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of biodiesel blend ratio on vehicle performance and emissions

Bannister

Hawley

Ali

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Biodiesel is synthesized via the transesterification of triglycerides contained within vegetable, animal, or waste oils. First-generation biofuels are not the solution to global transport energy needs; however, biodiesel does have a role to play in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector, so long as necessary production can be achieved in a sustainable manner without negative impact on plant and animal biodiversity. The biodiesel content within diesel sold to consumers is set to increase in the future, with implications on vehicle fuel consumption, emissions, and base engine durability. This study examines the effects of increasing the biodiesel blend ratio on the performance and emissions of a production vehicle equipped with a common-rail direct-injection diesel engine, evaluated on a chassis rolls dynamometer, at various ambient temperatures. Results obtained show that reductions in engine-out carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions do not always translate to lower tailpipe emissions as reduced exhaust gas temperatures at higher blend ratios lead to reduced catalyst conversion efficiencies and higher total cycle emissions. Catalyst conversion efficiencies for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons over the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) are reduced by 9–19 per cent (depending on the ambient temperature) for a 50:50 blend (B50) compared with the petroleum diesel (B0) baseline. Increasing the blend ratio caused a linear decrease in the vehicle's maximum tractive force. This reduction was of the order of 5 per cent for a B50 blend at low vehicle speeds and 6–10 per cent at higher speeds, which is greater than would be expected on the basis of the differences in calorific values. Over the NEDC, the fuel consumption was found to increase with increasing blend ratio.

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Section: Tailpipe Emissionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of biodiesel blend ratio on vehicle performance and emissions

Bannister

Hawley

Ali

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Reduction in PM with use of CME blends has also been reported in earlier studies. 2,3,7,8 NO x and PM formation mechanism using CME compared to mineral diesel are discussed in detail later in this paper.…”

Section: Exhaust Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the architecture of the engine such as combustion chamber design, fuel-injection system, electronic versus mechanical governing had an influence on the NO x emissions. In another study, Savvidis et al 8 investigated influence of various CME blends on steady-state emissions using an older technology Ford Escort 1.6 l, having four cylinders with an indirect injection (IDI) engine on a chassis dynamometer. The test car was not equipped with an electronic control unit (ECU), and seven test fuels were used (high sulfur diesel, B10, B20, B30, B40, B50 and B100).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of comparative performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a cottonseed biodiesel-fueled four-stroke locomotive diesel engine

Gautam

Agarwal

2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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A large-bore, four-stroke, medium-speed, compression-ignition railway traction locomotive engine was fueled with cottonseed methyl ester (Biodiesel). The cottonseed methyl ester was stored for 6 months under ordinary storage conditions, and various fuel properties of this seasoned cottonseed methyl ester were evaluated. Various blends of cottonseed methyl ester (B10, B20, B50 and cottonseed methyl ester) were evaluated for engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of the locomotive engine compared to baseline diesel. Correlation of the fuel-injection performance parameters with the physical properties of biodiesel has been carried out. The engine was able to operate on cottonseed methyl ester without noticeable power loss. With cottonseed methyl ester, the thermal efficiency decreased marginally by 0.7% and the brake-specific energy consumption increased by 0.1 MJ/kWh at the rated power. Due to the lower calorific value of biodiesel, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 13.4% at eighth engine notch, nitrogen oxide emissions increased by 8% and particulate matter emissions decreased by 32% vis-a-vis mineral diesel. Nitrogen oxide emissions were found to be a function of injection timings, global oxygen/carbon ratios, time of the maximum mean in-cylinder temperatures and apparent heat release. Particulate matter emissions were found to depend on the air–fuel mixture’s oxygen/carbon ratio, fuel bound oxygen and fuel-injection pressure. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the in-cylinder pressure, heat-release rate, cumulative heat release, fuel-injection pressure, needle lift and fuel-injection velocities. Increased fuel-injection pressures (1000 bar compared to 900 bar for mineral diesel), advanced fuel-injection timings, shorter combustion duration, advanced in-cylinder pressures and higher heat-release rates were observed for biodiesel and blends. The findings of the present study have provided further insights into the combustion of biodiesel in locomotive engines.

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