Influence of varietal characteristics on the formation of chemical compounds of sesame seeds

Abstract

Purpose. Establish the content of chemical compounds in sesame seeds depending on varietal characteristics.
 Methods. Laboratory, analytical, statistical.
 Results. The fat content and its quality is the main indicator characterizing the value of oil. In oilseeds and in particular in sesame, it varies widely depending on the variety, area and growing conditions, the degree of maturity of the seeds and other indicators. It was found that the protein content in sesame seeds, depending on the varietal characteristics, was from 20.53 to 20.11 g. The lowest carbohydrate content was in variety ‘Kadet’ (0.13 g), and the highest was in ‘Boiaryn’ and ‘Ilona’ (0.17 g). Dietary fiber content in ‘Ilona’ was 12.5 g and was dominated by other varieties, such as ‘Boiaryn’ (0.3 g), ‘Husar’ (0.7 g), ‘Kadet’ (0.9 g). Weather conditions significantly affected the accumulation of water by seeds. Thus, over the years of research, this indicator averaged from 3.95 to 3.77 g. The high content of calcium was in variety ‘Kadet’ (376 mg), slightly lower was in variety ‘Ilona’ (374 mg), ‘Husar’ (372 mg) and low in ‘Boiaryn’ (367 mg).
 Conclusions. Soil and climatic conditions significantly affected the accumulation of water by seeds. Thus, over the years of research, this indicator averaged from 3.95 to 3.77 g. The high content of K was in variety ‘Kadet’ (376 mg), slightly lower in ‘Ilona’ (374 mg), ‘Husar’ (372 mg) and low in ‘Boiaryn’ (367 mg). According to the calcium (Ca) content, it was determined that only ‘Kadet’ variety contained 62 mg, while in all other varieties its content was lower 60 mg. The quantitative content of Mg differed in the studied varieties of sesame as following: ‘Kadet’ 347 mg, ‘Ilona’ 345 mg, and ‘Husar’ 344 mg. Slightly lower indicators were in variety ‘Boiaryn’ (341 mg). According to the studies, it was found that the variety ‘Kadet’ (47 mg) insignificantly dominated the studied varieties in terms of sodium content by 0.2 mg. The S content in sesame seeds was as following: in ‘Kadet’ 204.8 mg, ‘Husar’ 204.3 mg, ‘Ilona’ 203.6 mg, and ‘Boiaryn’ 203.1 mg. The quantitative content of P in the studied sesame varieties was the highest in ‘Kadet’ reaching 672 mg, which is 0.2 mg less than in ‘Husar’, 6.0 mg less than in ‘Ilona’, and 18 mg less than in ‘Boiaryn’. Thus, the content of macronutrients in sesame seeds was the highest in variety ‘Kadet’.