Influence of variations in culture medium on the survival and reproduction ofDaphnia magna

Girling, A.E.; Garforth, B. M.

doi:10.1007/bf01699212

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The present data agree with those of other investigators, who also obtained better performance of cladocerans' lifehistories when animals were cultured in natural water compared with artificial media, such as American Society for Testing and Materials hard water (Abrantes and Gonçalves 2003) and USEPA reconstituted water (the same used in the present research) (Girling and Garforth 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of Dietary Copper on Life-History Traits of a Tropical Freshwater Cladoceran

Gusso-Choueri

Choueri

Lombardi

et al. 2011

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Life-history parameters of Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Cladocera: Daphniidae) fed on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Chlorophyceae) exposed to different copper concentrations were investigated. C. cornuta individuals were reared in four treatments: (a) reconstituted water and non-contaminated algae (RW); (b) reconstituted water and copper-contaminated algae with either 1.28 × 10(-13) (10(-7)Cu) or (c) 1.93 × 10(-13) g Cu cell(-1) (10(-6)Cu); and (d) natural water from a local reservoir and non-contaminated algae (NW). Copper content in C. cornuta individuals increased as diet-borne exposure increased (RW < 10(-7)Cu < NW < 10(-6)Cu), except for NW individuals, which exhibited higher copper body burden than RW and 10(-7)Cu individuals, suggesting that some copper was available in the natural water. The results suggest that subacute levels of dietary copper stimulated C. cornuta's growth and reproduction, whereas organisms reared on reconstituted water showed nutritional deficiency. Depending on copper exposure concentration, either growth (lower Cu concentration) or reproduction (higher Cu concentration) was further stimulated, suggesting that an alteration of resource allocation is involved in diet-borne copper exposure. Because differences among treatments were only significantly different after day 12 of the experiment, our results reinforce that full life-cycle tests are more appropriate than the standard 7 day or three-brood chronic bioassays used to evaluate dietary copper effects at low, chronic copper inputs and that the use of standard test-organisms may not address site-specific situations for tropical environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of Dietary Copper on Life-History Traits of a Tropical Freshwater Cladoceran

Gusso-Choueri

Choueri

Lombardi

et al. 2011

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…Each of these modifying factors can affect an organism's response to toxicants. For example, differences in diet [34][35][36][37][38][39][40], temperature [30,41], and water quality [42][43][44] can affect the results of toxicity tests with daphnids. Such is also the case for other organisms.…”

Section: Laboratory Versus Receiving Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole effluent toxicity testing—usefulness, level of protection, and risk assessment

Chapman¹

2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

137

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The general status of whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests is assessed relative to their generally accepted purpose of identifying, characterizing, and eliminating toxic effects of effluents on aquatic resources. Although WET tests are useful, they are not perfect tools (no perfect tools exist). Imperfections include the innate variability of these tests, due both to biotic and anthropogenic factors; the reality of species differences both between the laboratory and the field and within the field; and differences between the laboratory and the receiving environment. Whole effluent toxicity tests may be overprotective (because of their conservative nature, the absence of environmental and ecological processes that could ameliorate exposure, and sensitivity to noncontaminant effects), underprotective (because the most sensitive species cannot be tested, multiple stresses tend to be present in the receiving environment, and failure to account for food chain effects or all possible endpoints), or offer an uncertain level of protection (intermittent doses and mixtures in the environment, adaptations, and hormesis). The implication of hormesis and inverted U‐shaped dose responses for WET testing are reviewed in particular detail. Comparisons to field conditions indicate that WET tests are not reliable predictors of effects or lack of effects in the receiving environment. Whole effluent toxicity tests are only the first stage in a risk assessment and as such identify hazard, not risk. Identification of risk requires discarding the concept of independent applicability. The appropriate use of WET tests is identified in the context of their advantages and disadvantages.

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“…Usually most protocols suggesting D. magna as test organism do not consider important sources of variation in the production of neonates, such as feeding conditions of the progenitors (Enserink et al 1990), or the use of different culture media (Girling and Garforth 1989;Baer et al 1999). Enserink et al (1993) suggest that standardization in the food concentrations supplied to reproducers leads to test organisms that are more constant in their toxic response, reducing the inter-and intra-laboratories variability and increasing the reproducibility of results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of culture conditions and mother’s age on the sensitivity of Daphnia magna Straus 1820 (Cladocera) neonates to hexavalent chromium

2006

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Daphnia magna is a freshwater cladoceran used worldwide as test organism in aquatic toxicity assays. In Mexico there is a test protocol for this species; nevertheless, some aspects of the controlled neonate production, as well as the possible consequences of the reproducers' culture conditions on the response of neonates to the toxic substance, are not completely known. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of temperature and photoperiod on the acute toxicity of CrVI in D. magna neonates, aimed at providing useful information on the Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) to this heavy metal, which is used as reference toxicant in some laboratories. D. magna was cultured at 20 and 25 degrees C, in combination with two photoperiod values: 16:8 and 12:12 (light:dark) during 40 days; the green microalga Ankistrodesmus falcatus (4x10(5) cells ml(-1)) was supplied as food. Once the reproduction began, the neonates were removed and acute toxicity bioassays at 20 and 25 degrees C were performed, by exposing them to hexavalent chromium. We also determined changes in neonates' size at 20 and 25 degrees C. Chromium toxicity increased along with increasing temperatures, and LC50 values were slightly lower for the first and last clutches in the observed period, but these findings are not conclusive because of the large variability recorded. The average LC50's were 0.2076+/-0.0164 mg l(-1) (at 20 degrees C) and 0.1544+/-0.0175 mg l(-1) (at 25 degrees C). The reproducers' culture temperature had no effect on neonates' sensitivity to chromium, in spite of performing the tests at temperatures either lower or higher than those at which the neonates had been obtained. The length of neonates produced during the first two clutches (<1.25 mm) was significantly lower than that measured in neonates of following reproductions (>1.3 mm), and were smaller at 25 degrees C; however, this did not seem to affect their sensitivity to chromium.

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Influence of variations in culture medium on the survival and reproduction ofDaphnia magna

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Dietary Copper on Life-History Traits of a Tropical Freshwater Cladoceran

Effects of Dietary Copper on Life-History Traits of a Tropical Freshwater Cladoceran

Whole effluent toxicity testing—usefulness, level of protection, and risk assessment

Effect of culture conditions and mother’s age on the sensitivity of Daphnia magna Straus 1820 (Cladocera) neonates to hexavalent chromium

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