Influence of UV Radiation on Four Freshwater Invertebrates¶

Cywinska, A.; Crump, D.; Lean, D.

doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720652iourof2.0.co2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This apparent lack of reciprocity is consistent with studies of other taxa in which PER was determined to be important (Cywinska et al. ; Rautio and Tartarotti ; Siebeck and Böhm ). Repeated exposure to higher intensity UVB (55 kJ/m 2 ) appears more damaging than repeated exposure to lower intensity UVB (42 kJ/m 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Temperature and Photorepair Radiation on a Marine Ciliate Exposed to UVB Radiation

Hamsher

Sung

Sanders

2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The influences of intensity and repeated exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB), photoreactivating repair radiation (PRR), and temperature on the scuticociliate Parauronema acutum were explored under laboratory conditions. Population growth was negatively affected after exposure to the equivalent of one sunny summer day of ambient UVB, especially in the absence of PRR. Repeated daily exposure to UVB severely compromised ciliate survival. UVB-exposed treatments without PRR recovered slower and reached lower final abundances than treatments receiving PRR. Reducing the daily UVB exposure approximately 25% improved ciliate recovery after exposure. In the single exposure treatments, temperature effects were not consistent, except that growth was slowest for control and treatments at the lowest temperature (15 °C). These data suggest that dark repair and/or photoprotection are present in P. acutum, but photoenzymatic repair was the more effective mechanism in reversing UVB damage. Repeated exposure treatments without PRR had zero or declining growth at all temperatures (15, 20 and 25 °C), as did those with PRR at 15 °C. Significant temperature/dose differences were identified in the repeated exposure treatments; ciliates subjected to the higher UVB intensity with PRR survived only at 25 °C, while ciliate populations under reduced UVB increased at 20 and 25 °C.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Temperature and Photorepair Radiation on a Marine Ciliate Exposed to UVB Radiation

Hamsher

Sung

Sanders

2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…On the flight feathers of the wings and tail, wing lice escape from preening by inserting between the furrows of adjacent feather barbs (Bush, Sohn & Clayton 2006). One disadvantage of being on the head may be increased exposure to harmful UV rays (Cywinska, Crump & Lean 2000). Behavioural avoidance of UV is known among other insects; for example, thrips exposed to UV shift to more shaded host plants (Mazza et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does behavioural flexibility facilitate host switching by parasites?

Bush

2009

Functional Ecology

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Summary 1. Baldwin (1896) suggested that behavioural flexibility could allow organisms to persist in novel environments, thus buying time for the evolution of genetic adaptations to the new environment. This has proven true for free-living organisms invading novel habitats. Behavioural flexibility could also allow parasites to exploit novel hosts, but this hypothesis has not been tested, despite the fact that parasitism is one of the most common lifestyles on earth. 2. In this study, I compare the behavioural flexibility of two relatively host specific groups of feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) that parasitize pigeons and doves: 'wing' lice ( Columbicola columbae and C. passerinae ) and 'body' lice ( Campanulotes compar and Physconelloides eurysema ). 3. Wing and body lice are similar in many aspects of their natural history, but they differ in their relationship to host body size. Wing louse size is tightly correlated with host body size, whereas body louse size is not. Even so, experiments have shown that wing lice can establish on different sized novel hosts just as well as body lice. 4. Behavioural flexibility may facilitate the establishment of wing lice on different sized novel hosts. To test this hypothesis, I experimentally transferred wing and body lice to a series of different sized novel host species. Once the louse populations established (two generations) I compared the microhabitat preferences of wing and body lice on novel hosts vs. native host controls. 5. Wing lice shifted their microhabitat use on novel host species, and the magnitude of the shift was correlated with host size. In contrast, body lice rarely shifted microhabitat and when they did, the shift was not correlated with host size. 6. Behavioural flexibility may play a pivotal role in the ability of wing lice to establish on different sized novel host species, and could be an important factor for other parasites faced with novel hosts.

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“…Further studies assessing the whole LOF occurring in springs, including birds and mammals would be useful. Higher nocturnal activity also could be related to the necessity of avoiding UV radiation during the daytime, especially UV‐B radiation that can affect freshwater organisms (Alves et al, 2020; Cywinska et al, 2000). Such a strategy has often been described in invertebrates (Ciros‐Perez et al, 2015; Rudh & Qvarnstrom, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape of fear in freshwater ecotones: How predation risk and light conditions affect mesopredator activity and foraging in springs

et al. 2023

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Springs are environments that can provide general insights into factors favouring diversity in ecotones, but they are often neglected in freshwater studies. One of the challenging processes acting in ecotones is the landscape of fear (LOF), the space–time variation of perceived predation risk. Spring exploitation often involves species that are mesopredators in surface fresh water and that can become apex predators in ground water, as in the case of the fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra). Here, we aim to determine whether the activity and foraging patterns of the fire salamander in springs are affected by LOF. We surveyed the night‐ and daytime abundance of fire salamander larvae in 15 springs to assess predator occurrence. We also reared 48 salamander larvae with and without non‐lethal exposure to predators within tanks simulating groundwater or surface freshwater light features. Before and after a month of rearing, we tested larva efficiency in catching prey when exposed to predator chemical cues, both in light and dark conditions. In the field, the number of active fire salamander larvae was significantly higher during the night. At night, the number of active larvae across the transition area between ground water and surface water was higher in plots closer to the surface. Testing and rearing conditions significantly affected larva behaviour, and prey capture was significantly more effective in light conditions. It was less successful in larvae reared with predator chemical cues and in the presence of predators. Moreover, larvae reared with predators under light conditions were slower than those raised with predators in dark conditions. Our results show that LOF can interact with extant environmental features and constitute a significant behavioural pressure for mesopredator species living in freshwater ecotones.

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Influence of UV Radiation on Four Freshwater Invertebrates¶

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of Temperature and Photorepair Radiation on a Marine Ciliate Exposed to UVB Radiation

Effects of Temperature and Photorepair Radiation on a Marine Ciliate Exposed to UVB Radiation

Does behavioural flexibility facilitate host switching by parasites?

Landscape of fear in freshwater ecotones: How predation risk and light conditions affect mesopredator activity and foraging in springs

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