Influence of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot dry climate: A study in Fez, Morocco

Johansson, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.05.022

Cited by 457 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a tropical climate, high BPR can reduce the speed of winds which would otherwise carry heat away from buildings. Previous studies have indicated that the intra-urban air temperature is also related to urban geometry as-measured by H/W (height/width) ratio or SVF [40]. Suitable shading and sufficiently wide wind corridors can both be controlled appropriately by adjusting the H/W ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

et al. 2018

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Abstract:It is important to alleviate the "heat island effect" in urban areas, especially tropical cities. Microclimate is normally affected by the urban morphology parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations and urban morphology parameters in tropical cities. Field measurement was carried out to record the air temperature at 27 points within an 8 km 2 urban area continuously in Singapore for one year. Geographical information system was applied to extract the urban morphology parameters. Generally, the maximum and minimum air temperature spatial differences in the study area ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 • C, indicating the significant effects of urban morphology on the air temperatures. Based on the fitting results of created multilinear regression models, parametric study has been performed to investigate the specific effects of urban morphology parameters on air temperatures. This work has proposed a much more precise regression model to predict the air temperature with various urban morphology parameters. In addition, meaningful value of reference has been offered for urban planners and landscape designers to effectively control the air temperature in tropical cities such as Singapore.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Singapore, Chen and Wong [40] carried out measurements in two large parks to also find that air temperature gradually increases with increasing distance from the park boundary. These results may be indicative of an extension of the park's cooling effect into its surroundings, suggesting that parks modify the urban thermal environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

et al. 2018

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“…Interest in research on outdoor thermal comfort has been increasing lately, especially in tropical regions [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Not until recently, it has been assumed that the indoor thermal comfort theory can be applied to the outdoor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Outdoor Thermal Comfort of The Hot-Humid Region

Bakar

Gadi

2016

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. The study on outdoor comfort is becoming popular due to the fact that the thermoregulatory model is seen as inadequate in explaining outdoor thermal comfort conditions. Hot-humid region can be said as experiencing a critical environmental condition because of its constantly high temperature and humidity throughout the year. Thus, this study focus on the assessment of thermal comfort of outdoor urban spaces in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (3° 9'N and 101° 44'E). Survey on human response towards outdoor thermal comfort in hot-humid climate of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was carried out during day time between 0900h to 1800h along with measurement of environmental parameters such as air temperature (°C), wind velocity (m/s), radiant temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and solar radiation (lux). A total of 123 samples were involved in this study which took place within four sites around Kuala Lumpur. Survey results were then correlated with the environmental parameters to further develop the comfort zone for hot-humid outdoor environment specifically for Kuala Lumpur and, generally, for hot-humid regions.

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“…When the vegetated area is small and turbulent mixing of air in the urban canopy is efficient, air temperature reductions within the green patch may in fact be negligible (Schiller and Karchon, 1974), even if the effects of shading and cooler surfaces moderate significantly the overall thermal stress experienced by pedestrians (Pearlmutter et al, 1999). It has been observed repeatedly that due to the dominance of radiation in hot-arid settings, air temperature alone is not necessarily a robust indicator of overall thermal comfort for pedestrians in the urban space (Ali-Toudert and Mayer, 2006;Johansson, 2006;Pearlmutter et al, 2006). Thus, the actual microscale effects of urban vegetation on human comfort are complex and interrelated with the effects of other built elements in the city, whose geometry and surface properties may vary widely (Stabler et al, 2005;Shashua-Bar et al, 2006;Erell and Williamson, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of trees and grass on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot‐arid environment

Shashua‐Bar

Pearlmutter

Erell

2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

401

171

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ABSTRACT:The effects of vegetation on human thermal stress in a hot-arid region were tested in two semi-enclosed urban spaces with various combinations of mature trees, grass, overhead shading mesh and paving. The index of thermal stress was calculated hourly from measured meteorological data in the studied sites to evaluate thermal comfort in the different spaces based on radiative and convective pedestrian-environment energy exchanges and sweat efficiency, and expressed on a thermal sensation scale ranging from 'comfortable' to 'very hot'. The efficiency of water use in providing improved comfort was gauged for each of the vegetative landscaping treatments by comparing the total evapotranspiration with the reduction in thermal stress, both expressed in terms of their values in equivalent energy. While conditions in a paved, unshaded courtyard were found to be uncomfortable throughout the daytime hours (with half of these hours defined by severe discomfort), each of the landscape treatments made a clear contribution to improved thermal comfort. With shading, either by trees or mesh, discomfort was reduced in duration by over half and limited in maximum severity when the shading was placed above paving. When combined with grass, both shading mechanisms yielded comfortable conditions at all hours. In both cases, the effect of trees was more pronounced than that of the mesh, but by a small margin. With unshaded grass, 'hot' conditions in the courtyard were restricted to a short period in mid-afternoon, a considerable improvement over unshaded paving, attributable mainly to the lower radiant surface temperatures.

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Influence of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot dry climate: A study in Fez, Morocco

Cited by 457 publications

References 16 publications

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

Urban Outdoor Thermal Comfort of The Hot-Humid Region

The influence of trees and grass on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot‐arid environment

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