Influence of ultraviolet light on the toxicity of sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Ankley, Gerald T.; Collyard, Scott A.; Monson, Philip D.; Kosian, Patricia A.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620131110

Cited by 113 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, significant light-darkness differences were found for pyrene and fluoranthene (p < 0.05). These observations are in agreement with previous studies where phototoxicity has been shown in a variety of fishes, including bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) (Ankley et al 1994). In contrast, Kagan et al (1985) did not find toxicity of fluoranthene and pyrene to embryos and larvae of Pimephales promelas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A standard ecotoxicological bioassay using early life stages of the marine fishPsetta maxima

Mhadhbi

Boumaïza²,

Beiras

2010

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-Fish tests must be developed for both regulatory and conservation reasons, as such testing forms an indispensable component of integrated toxicity testing strategy for the marine environment. To standardise a fish embryo test, the acute toxicity of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to early life stages (ELS) of turbot (Psetta maxima) was studied. Embryos were exposed to dilutions of cooper, cadmium, mercury, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, pyrene and naphthalene in darkness and under visible light. Hatching success, yolk sac alterations, pericardial edema, skeletal deformities and mortality were observed. The effective concentrations (EC 50 , EC 10 ,) no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) were determined at the end of the bioassays. Exposure to metals and PAHs in ecologically relevant concentrations, either in darkness or under artificial light, caused significant lethal and sublethal effects in turbot, such as alterations in yolk sac, pericardial edema and skeletal abnormalities. According to the 96 h EC 50 , the ranking of acute toxicity for metals was respectively: 47.4 (46.8-59.2) μg L pyrene, 12.3 (6.4-12.7) μg L −1 fluoranthene, 52.2 (30.4-82.7) μg L −1 phenanthrene, and 142 (55-228) μg L −1 naphthalene. Pyrene was consistently the most toxic PAH. In addition, light exposures were performed and photo-enhanced toxicity was found only for fluoranthene and pyrene. Turbot embryos were found to be more tolerant to metals and PAHs than were hatched larvae. These results suggest that, considering the short duration of the ELS turbot test and its high sensitivity, it is suitable for use as a standard test for marine fish.Key words: PAH / Metal bioavaibility / Acute toxicity / Embryo / Larva / Bioassay / Fish Résumé -Des tests de toxicité doivent être développés sur les poissons en vue de la conservation et la régulation de l'environnement marin. Afin de standardiser un test sur des embryons de poisson, la toxicité de métaux et d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques sur les premiers stades de développement (ELS) est étudiée chez le turbot (Psetta maxima). Les embryons sont exposés à des solutions de cuivre, cadmium, mercure, fluoranthène, phénanthrène, pyrène et naphthalène en obscurité et à la lumière. Les éclosions, les altérations du sac vitellin, oedèmes du péricarde, déformations du squelette et mortalités sont étudiés. Les concentrations effectives (EC 50 , EC 10 ), ou non (NOEC) et les concentrations minimums provoquant un effet (LOEC) sont déterminées à la fin des essais biologiques. Les expositions aux métaux et hydrocarbures aromatiques en concentrations écologiquement plausibles, soit en obscurité, soit en lumière artificielle, causent des effets létaux et sublétaux significatifs chez le turbot, telles que des altérations du sac vitellin, et des anomalies du squelette. D'après EC 50 (96 h), la toxicité des métaux est la suivante, classée en ordre croissant : 47,4 (46,8-59,2) μg L −1 Cu ; 51,5 (20,9-91,7) μg L −1 Cd, et 83,2 (...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A standard ecotoxicological bioassay using early life stages of the marine fishPsetta maxima

Mhadhbi

Boumaïza²,

Beiras

2010

Aquat. Living Resour.

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“…The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has identified 16 parent (unsubstituted) PAHs as priority pollutants [5]. Many of these compounds are known toxicants to fish and invertebrates both as parent compounds [6][7][8][9] and photoactivated constituents [10][11][12][13]. Others are sus-* To whom correspondence may be addressed (jbestari@tox.uoguelph.ca).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Within Experimental Microcosms Treated With Creosote-Impregnated Douglas Fir Pilings

Bestari

Robinson

Solomon

et al. 1998

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Temporal changes in the concentration and relative composition of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, sediment, and polyvinylchloride (PVC) strips were assessed to evaluate the fate of creosote leached from impregnated wood pilings in aquatic environments. The study consisted of single microcosms containing one of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 creosoteimpregnated pilings and two microcosms containing untreated pilings. Quantitative analyses of PAHs were performed using highperformance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. For each treatment, total PAHs (⌺ PAH) in water increased rapidly up to 7 d posttreatment yielding a clear dose-dependant concentration gradient ranging from 7.3 (0.5 pilings) to 97.2 g/ L (6 pilings). Total PAHs declined exponentially after 7 d and was reduced close to background concentrations (0.8-6.7 g/L) by the end of the study (84 d). No increase in ⌺ PAH was observed in sediments at any treatment, nor was there any relationship between sediment PAHs and distance from each piling cluster. However, a slight increase in PAHs was observed on PVC liner strips that exhibited a concentration gradient similar to that in water. The PVC-bound ⌺ PAH ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 g/cm 2 and 0.2 to 2.2 g/cm 2 at 31 and 58 d posttreatment, respectively. Based on these data, we estimated a rate loss of creosote from the pilings of approximately 50 g/cm 2 /d (273 mg/piling/d). The low concentration of PAHs on the PVC, along with the absence of accumulation of PAHs in sediments, suggests that creosote was lost primarily from water via degradative pathways such as photolysis and microbial decomposition and adsorption onto PVC. The rapid loss of creosote from water in conjunction with the slow rate of leaching from the pilings suggests that risks associated with the use of creosote-impregnated pilings in aquatic environments may be minimal.

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“…The effects of UV photoactivation on the toxicity of PAHs is well documented (Zepp, 1979;Bowling et al, 1983;Nikolaou, 1984;Huang, 1993;Ankley, 1994;Gala, 1994;Monson, 1995). PAHs, accumulated in tissue and photoactivated, can damage a cell's proteins, lipids, and DNA.…”

Section: Description and Relevance Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Quality Characterization Naval Station San Diego

Chadwick¹,

Key²,

Sutton³

et al. 1999

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Influence of ultraviolet light on the toxicity of sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 113 publications

References 25 publications

A standard ecotoxicological bioassay using early life stages of the marine fishPsetta maxima

A standard ecotoxicological bioassay using early life stages of the marine fishPsetta maxima

Distribution and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Within Experimental Microcosms Treated With Creosote-Impregnated Douglas Fir Pilings

Sediment Quality Characterization Naval Station San Diego

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