Influence of Twospotted Spider Mite Populations on Photosynthesis of Apple Leaves12

Impact of Apple Rust Mite (Acari: Eriophyiidae) Feeding on Apple Leaf Gas Exchange and Leaf Color Associated with Changes in Leaf Tissue

“…Studies with tetranychid mites and greenhousegrown apple have demonstrated that gas exchange parameters are reduced by mite feeding (Hall and Ferree 1975,Campbell et a1.1990a,Mobley and Marini 1990. There are studies that show similar results for European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and field-grown apple trees (Francesconi et a1.1996.…”

“…Another acarine apple system that is more intensively studied is the spider mite (Tetranychidae) apple complex where various studies have been done on the impact of spider mite feeding on ecophysiological processes such as gas exchange (Hall and Ferree 1975, Campbell et al 1990a, Mobley and Marini 1990, Francesconi et aL 1996. However, in contrast to spider mites which are mesophyll feeders, rust mites (Eriophyiidae) can penetrate only epidermal cells with their small mouthparts (McCoy and A]brigo 1975, McCoy 1976, Easterbrook and Fuller 1986, Andersen and Mizell 1987, Royalty and Peering 1988.…”

Effects of soil water stress and twospotted spider mites on net photosynthesis and transpiration of apple leaves

“…Avery [2] and Boulanger [3] found significant reductions in leaf Pn of apple but only after visible symptoms were apparent. As mite population/leaf increased, the reduction in Pn also increased [6]. Several investigators [3,9] have reported that mite fecundity increased under hot dry conditions.…”

“…Hall and Ferree [6] indicated that controlled populations of mites on greenhouse grown apple trees caused significant reductions in leaf Pn before observers could detect visible yellowing of leaves. Avery [2] and Boulanger [3] found significant reductions in leaf Pn of apple but only after visible symptoms were apparent.…”

Dinámica del sistema depredador-presa de las arañas rojas y los fitoseidos (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) en cultivos hortícolas

“…Por otra parte, en las hojas ocupadas por ácaros se pueden observar tres categorías de células: células vacías, células con organelas degeneradas y células normales llenas. Los órganos dañados de esa manera no pueden realizar una función normal; además, se puede especular que las células no dañadas experimentan cambios en su funcionamiento debido a la pérdida de contacto con otras células (Hall y Ferree 1975;Sances et al, 1979ab;Tomczyk y Kropczynska, 1882;Youngman et al 1986;Park y Lee, 2002).…”