Influence of Two-Stage Anodization on Properties of the Oxide Coatings on the Ti–13Nb–13Zr Alloy

Abstract

The increasing demand for titanium and its alloys used for implants results in the need for innovative surface treatments that may both increase corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and demonstrate antibacterial protection at no cytotoxicity. The purpose of this research was to characterize the effect of two-stage anodization—performed for 30 min in phosphoric acid—in the presence of hydrofluoric acid in the second stage. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, nanoindentation and nano-scratch tests, potentiodynamic corrosion studies, and water contact angle measurements were performed to characterize microstructure, mechanical, chemical and physical properties. The biologic examinations were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects of oxide coatings. The research results demonstrate that two-stage oxidation affects several features and, in particular, improves mechanical and chemical behavior. The processes influencing the formation and properties of the oxide coating are discussed.

Production and Properties of the Porous Layer Obtained by the Electrochemical Method on the Surface of Austenitic Steel

“…On the other hand, the increase in the LVMAO anodizing voltage caused the contact angle to drop down to 56° (for sample III). It is known that the best value of the contact angle for attaching cells to the implant was determined to be 55° [ 68 , 69 ], while the most desirable value of the contact angle for hard tissue regeneration is 35–80° [ 22 , 68 , 70 ]. Such a low contact angle enabled the efficient adhesion of cells, proteins, and microorganisms on the surface of the implantable material.…”

“…In order to avoid such problems and increase biocompatibility, the bioactivities of austenitic steels are subjected to various types of surface modification processes. The basic methods causing changes in surface quality include mechanical processing (grinding, polishing), laser ablation [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], thermal oxidation [ 11 ], chemical oxidation [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], micro-arc oxidation (MAO) [ 15 ], and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide [ 16 ] or electrochemical treatment [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. By modifying the electrolyte composition and current values in the electrochemical oxidation, we can obtain layers of different chemical compositions with different structures, e.g., amorphous, nanotube, and as a result of the application of high voltage treatment, porous layers [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Response Surface Grey Relational Analysis On The Manufacturing of High Grade Biomedical Ti-13Zr-13Nb

“…It has been shown consistently that traditional machining method has been ine cient and cumbersome in the manufacturing of a material with high strength and high temperature resistance capacity (Rizwee et al, 1807;Rizwee et al, 2020;Singaravel et al, 2020;Boopathi, 2022). Ti-13Zr-13Nb is a titanium alloy very suitable for bone implant (Shah et al, 2017;Majchrowicz et al, 2019;Ossowska et al, 2020;Kumar et al, 2021) and its fabrication quite demanding compared to other materials because of its mechanical strength and the required complex shape for biomedical implant. Electrical discharge machining method (EDM) has replaced the traditional method in the manufacturing of a complex shape and high strength material due to its high manufacturing e ciency (Zia et al, 2019;Myilsamy & Sampath, 2021).…”

Influence of Electrolyte Temperature on Morphology and Properties of Composite Anodic Film on Titanium Alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al

“…Titanium (Ti) and its alloys, possessing good corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, good fracture toughness, and high melting point, have been widely used in aerospace-related fields including high-speed propellers, compressor blades, aeromotors etc. [1][2][3][4]. However, the β titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, as high-end aerospace corrosion resistant parts, are often exposed to corrosive atmospheric environments or the highly-corrosive marine environments in service [5].…”