Influence of two fatty amine surfactants on foliar absorption, translocation, and efficacy of 2,4-D triethanolamine salt

Abstract

The influence of two fatty amine surfactants on the foliar absorption, translocation, and efficacy of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid triethanolamine salt (2,4-D TR) was investigated. The surfactants Armoblen 557 (tallow amine block polymer containing polymerized propylene oxide and polymerized ethylene oxide) and Ethomeen T/27 [polyoxyethylene (17) tallow amine] enhanced the foliar absorption of 2,4-D TR by black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) by a factor of 4, when applied at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v). Applying the surfactants at a concentration of 0.05% (w/v) had no effect on the absorption of 2,4-D TR. The surfactants reduced the translocation efficiency of 14C from 2,4-D TR in black nightshade by a factor of 1.5-2. The two surfactants (at 0.05% and 0.5%) greatly enhanced the efficacy of 2,4-D TR applied a t a concentration of 2.4 mM in the spray solution. At a 2,4-D TR concentration of 11.3 mM the two surfactants enhanced efficacy at a concentration of 0.5% but not at a concentration of 0.05%. The data on the efficacy of 11.3 mM 2,4-D TR agree with the 14C uptake study, which also used 2,4-D TR at 11.3 mM. It was concluded that changing the hydrophilidipophilic character of the fatty amine surfactant by incorporation of propylene oxide groups did not influence absorption and efficacy of 2,4-D TR.

Evaluation of Some Adjuvants in Improving Foliar Fertilizers

“…These increases in N, K, Fe, Zn and Mn contents in cucumber leaves may be attributed to the positive effect of the high degree of roughness of cucumber leaves on reducing the losses of the nutrients content added in foliar fertilization by slipping. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of plant utilization of the foliar fertilizer content (De Ruiter et al 1995).…”

“…However, these increases more pronounced for cucumber than white eggplant. This may be attributed to the differences in the roughness properties of plant leaves (De Ruiter et al 1995).…”

“…In addition to the ability of foliar sprays to spread and stick to leaves is essential to enable uptake of nutrients. Many plant species including cucumber have been shown to have low wettability due to leaf surface roughness which caused by waxes and hairs (De Ruiter et al 1995).…”

“…The ability of foliar sprays to stick to leaves is essential to enable uptake of nutrients. Many plant species showed to have low wettability due to leaf surface roughness, which caused, by waxes and hairs (De Ruiter et al 1995). To overcome these issues, adjuvants including surfactant to improved leaf wetting, Sticker to minimize fertilizer wash off and Humectant to prolong the time of nutrients absorption are often added to spray tank (Fernández and Eichert 2009).…”

Lethal effects of Mexel® 432 to common carp embryolarval stages in river water: Influence of physicochemical parameters in synthetic ISO water

“…Fatty amines have been used in a large variety of applications, including film‐forming corrosion inhibitors [16], an‐tirust and antimicrobial additives in water treatment [17], and pesticide adjuvants [18]. Certain fatty amines have been directly tested on nematodes and trematodes [19].…”